Pros And Cons Of Foreign Direct Investment In Russia

The United States is both the world’s largest foreign direct investor and the largest beneficiary of foreign direct investment. While there may be many positive advantages to foreign investments, such as: increased productivity and economic development simulation, there are and equal amount, if not more, disadvantages. Direct foreign investments cause less domestic investments to occur within the United States and they could possibly even lead to Modern-Day Economic Colonialism. The United States Foreign Policy is a guideline that limits and allows overseas trade within the country. It is used to as a form of security to protect the United States' well-being, to make sure that trade with other countries and organizations won't jeopardize the

Many governments, especially in industrialized and developed nations, pay very close attention to foreign direct investment because the investment flows into and out of their economies can and does have a significant impact.

In the last ten years, Russia has become: the largest oil producer, the second largest natural gas distributor and the third highest steel exporter in the world. Moreover, the country has enormous untapped reserves of: oil, natural gas, coal, iron ore and cooper. However, the economic base is split between producers that are focused on exporting certain products abroad. While the rest of the manufacturing sector, is concentrated in domestic markets (which is not as competitive). As a result, the Russian

• Preferential tax treatment: tax credits, tax rebates, exemptions on royalties, duties or tariffs, reduced tax rates, deferred tax liabilities and accelerated depreciation on energy-supply equipment;

By definition, an FDI is an “investment that involves some ownership and/or operating control. The foreign residents are usually multinational corporations (MNCs)” (Cohn 412).

Level playing field – The Indian insurance sector has both private and public sector players. However, the public sector players dominate the sector. If private players have to compete with the public sector firms on an equal footing, they need large infusions of capital in the form of

The commission paid to an agent is relatively lower than the margin of profit a distributor will make from buying and selling the company’s product.

The most important channel through which foreign capital flows into the country is Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). FDI as defined in Dictionary of Economics (Graham Bannock et.al) is “investment in a foreign country through the acquisition of a local company or the establishment there of an operation on a new (Greenfield) site. International Monetary Organization (IMF) and Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) define FDI as a category of cross border investment made by a resident in one economy (the direct investor) with the objective of establishing a ‘lasting interest’ in an enterprise (the direct investment enterprise) that is resident in an economy other than that of the direct investor. The motive of the direct

India has created tax-free zones, ex. Silvassa. Ador concentrated production in India and reached cost advantages through economies of scale P.9 PAR.4

Russia borders many different countries like Europe on its west side to North America located on its East and Asia on its South. Russia is known to have a very diverse population and growing and strengthening their economy for consumers. Their market spans over hundreds of millions of people and is becoming a very prime location for many countries to invest in. When looking at the GDP for Russia, they have been increasing a lot over the years from 6.8% in 1999 to 8.1% in 2007, which equates to in dollar terms as 26% per year, surpassing international growth rates (Limit, Commercial Group). Russia has a very egalitarian attitude, this means that they promote equality and mutual advantage in business deals because both

FDI is where businessmen/businesswomen invest in a business in another country. This is done because foreign people see potential in businesses which can become bigger if it is provided with financial backing,

Foreign investment capital, both in cash and in kind (e.g. by way of machinery and equipment, technical expertise and services), play vital role in the development of Nigeria (Agosin, 2000). Nigeria has an extreme shortage of long-term debt capital, as well as equity funds. Other financial instruments that could support private sector development, such as leasing, are underdeveloped (CBN, 1992). In a continent where finance is a major constraint on development, the private sector in Nigeria, in particular, the small and medium enterprises (SMEs) suffer many disadvantages including but not restricted to high interest rates, loan terms of rarely more than one year, absence of equity capital, and stringent collateral requirements. These problems are further exacerbated by land-titling problems. Nigeria’s desperate situation stands out even

Foreign direct investment has many forms. Broadly, foreign direct investment includes "mergers and acquisitions, building new facilities, reinvesting profits earned from overseas operations and intra-company loans".

Foreign Direct Investment as a key component of economic globalization could play a prominent role in stimulating economic growth through capital formation, technology transfer and enhancing employment opportunities in the developing countries like Nepal. Nepal and India both have liberalized foreign investment policies that would help promote FDI in Nepal (Dahal et.al. 2004). Despite significant liberalization of the foreign investment regime and the introduction of attractive investment incentives, Nepal’s achievements, both in terms of the volume of FDI and its developmental impact, failed to match national expectations (Athukorala, et.al., 2006) The country has not been able to draw on the potential technological and other contributions that FDI can make to the process of development (Pant, 2010). A restrictive FDI regime, high import tariffs, exit barriers for firms, stringent labor laws, poor quality infrastructure, centralized decision-making processes, and lack of export processing zones and Export Trading House make Nepal an unattractive investment location (Regmi, 2012). Nepal’s FDI potential is heavily under-exploited, despite the fact that the country offers a huge potential not only for market seeking investors but also resource seeking ones (Adhikari, 2013a).. Moreover, Nepal is the worst performer in South Asia (and one of the worst ones in the world) in terms of attracting FDI (Adhikari, 2013b). The country’s insurgency period in the past has also hindered

(c) Enclaves—financial, technology, corporate enclaves and world trade centre and (d) Social facilities like schools, clubs, convention centre. The Union Budget 2016 has announced several tax sops for SEZ in the city thereby creating a difference between SEZ and domestic Tariff Area (DTA) within the city. Minimum Alternate Tax applicable to SEZ is 9% against 18.5% in DTA. There are tax waivers on foreign currency sale of equity shares, sale of units of equity oriented funds, sale of units of business trusts etc. that earns foreign exchange. The city is a deemed foreign territory expected to give a big push to foreign currency transactions under special tax regime. It has a targeted market capitalisation of $ 1800 billion by 2020. Several banks like the State Bank of India, ICICI Bank, HDFC Bank, Bank of India, Yes Bank and other financial institutions have already started operations. It has sold 12 million square feet in phase I and hopes to create and sell another 22 million square feet in phase II. The SEZ will enjoy all the financial benefits enjoyed by the manufacturing SEZ.