The invention of the vaccine is considered one of the greatest medical achievements in the past century. Vaccinations have been used to combat and even eradicate many deadly illnesses. They protect children and adults against a number of infectious and dangerous diseases, including measles, small pox, flu etc. Vaccinations is not only beneficial to the person immunized, but also protect the community at large. When almost all members of a particular population gets immunized, infectious diseases cannot take root (Offit, Paul. 2011). So, when a healthy child or adult refuses vaccinations, it puts others at risk and makes it more difficult to fully eradicate a disease (from article attached to task sheet). This is the main ethical dilemma we face with regards to vaccinations: Do the benefits of vaccinations for public health justify overriding individual freedom?
Consequentialist ethics holds that moral actions reside in the consequences of the action. Therefore actions are not considered right or wrong by themselves but depends of their consequences. An e.g. of consequentialist ethics is utilitarianism-``that action is best that produces the greatest good for the greatest number'' (Jeremy Bentham) (Pecorino, 2002). Utilitarianism has a deontological aspect and implies that it is your duty to act for the greatest universal benefit (to get vaccinated). Utilitarianism is an ethics theory which values the good of the community over the good of the individual (n.d. website
In the past, Americans did not have much say in their own health care. In today’s time, with the advent of new health-care bills and peaked interest in personal well being, Americans are now anxious to determine for themselves what they need to maintain their own and their loved ones’ health. However, there are still government-regulated requirements for people of all ages in regards to keeping the general public healthy. Vaccinations have always been a topic of contention in regards to younger children, but have been a staple of health for older adults. In fact, college requirements for vaccinations are mandatory, and failure to get the proper vaccines before college starts could result in holds on college students’ accounts or delays in
Vaccination give in two doses, the first one between 12-15 months of age, the second given between 4-6 years of age (CDC).
People always have their own values and beliefs about social issues that arise in our society. Some of these issues have been a problem for several centuries and we haven’t been properly informed to know what causes certain epidemics. One of the problems is the question whether people should vaccinate or not. Opposition of vaccinations have existed since the 1800s, it has only been these past few years that I have started to hear about the increasing negative feedback about vaccinations. The terms pro-vaccination and anti-vaccination were introduced to me recently through the medias discussion about the two. The reason people are for or against vaccinations is based on many different unanswered questions such as, religion, research, personal incident, and other values people have about the subject. I will be discussing the benefits of vaccinations versus not taking vaccinations and bringing both of the ideas together by responding to a YouTube debate.
Should children be vaccinated? This is a question that has been a hot topic for some time now. All children should be vaccinated. We often ask “Why should we have our children vaccinated”? There are pros and cons to vaccinations. Vaccinations will reduce the risk of illness, provide a safer environment, and keep the parents from worry as much. In some cases, people think they cause more harm than anything.
The medical community should teach the correct information on vaccines so widespread paranoia doesn’t engulf the world. Vaccinating can be a very good thing it protects our world future and children from contracting deadly diseases that once ran rampant on this planet. Vaccines should not be mandatory nor parents kicked out of doctors' office for refusal to vaccinate their kids. There should be a compromise in both cases. What these compromises should be, will be discussed in more detail later.
What is a vaccine? A vaccine is a weakened strain of an antigen used to stimulate the body to produce antibodies to gain an immunity against a variety of diseases. So what the reason makes vaccination controversial; is it the risk of the drug’s side effect? The ingredients used to create the drug? Do the Pros outweigh the Cons? How effective are vaccines? The debate about giving the vaccine to children are the group that is anti-vaccination “say that children’s immune systems can deal with most infections naturally and that injecting questionable vaccine ingredients into a child may cause side effects, including seizures, paralysis, and death.” The group for vaccination argues “that vaccination is safe and one of the greatest health
There are many types of vaccinations used for many types of illnesses. They can vary from some small illness to a deadly illness that is very contagious. Some vaccinations are used for DPT (Diptheria, Pertussis, Tetanus), Diptheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Poliomyelitis and MMR (Measles, Mumps, Rubella). There are many pros of vaccinations. One of them is most healthcare professionals believe ion their effectiveness. It is believed that vaccinations are the cause of a decline in childhood diseases. They also can prevent life threatening illnesses. Many illnesses no longer exist because of certain vaccinations. Thousands of people are killed by illnesses every year. They also protect you in travel. That
Vaccines, is there more good or is there more harm from them? For one thing, this topic has two major views to it one being vaccines are dangerous and the other them being good for you. To emphasize, there was not much common ground between the two articles I reviewed. Namely, the source from the opposing articles "The Benefits of Vaccination Outweigh the Risks" and "The Truth About Vaccinations" displayed very blunt but different views. In light of there names no doubt you can see which each one stands for and which I will discuss below.
Why immunize? That seems to be an issue that has been presenting itself in today’s society. There is a lot of research backing the importance of immunizations, but it seems people still have their doubts, causing quite a bit of controversy over the topic. Some feel that vaccines can cause more harm than good. Some feel it will be a gateway for causing adverse effects and conditions. A world without vaccines would be full of illness and diseases. Thanks to vaccines a lot of diseases are almost gone from the U.S. today. According to CDC, in 1979, Japan decided to reduce their pertussis vaccinations and as a result they suffered a major epidemic resulting in 13,000 cases of whooping cough and 41 deaths. In 1981 they
Vaccines have successfully eradicated smallpox and greatly reduced the occurrence and risk of other infectious diseases such as polio, measles and many more. This leads people to question, why there is such a large controversy over the usage of vaccines in the 21st century? The ongoing battle between humans and infectious disease has been going on since the beginning of history and it wasn't until the discovery of vaccines, that millions of lives each year are saved worldwide. These vaccines are used to treat many infectious diseases and can be delivered in multiple different ways. Although there are many benefits of vaccinations many people around the globe claim that they can be harmful, resulting in many unvaccinated children (Campbell). This concerns health officials because unvaccinated children can pose a threat to others, in some cases even spreading to others who are vaccinated. There are many different claims over the use of vaccines including that it could be linked to autism and other defects in young children. Although there is no clear evidence to prove this, anti-vaccinators have created an opposing view behind many vaccination facts and related events. Many parents are also concerned with the number of shots, the frequency and the possible unintended negative effects of vaccines that their children receive (Largent). This leaves the other side of the spectrum to ask, how does a successful instrument of public health, that is cheap and saved millions of lives, become a target for such a large debate? Research and statistics show that vaccines prove to be beneficial to the public health of many, by saving lives and treating numerous infectious diseases, with no evidence that mandatory vaccines are linked to autism and little evidence that they cause other negative effects.
There are many facts to consider for a new parent when deciding to vaccinate or not. First one would need to consider the benefits of receiving vaccinations, such as the prevention of serious childhood and even adulthood illnesses. These illnesses could lead to other complications such as seizures or even death. Also one would need to consider the side effects such as behavioral issues and even death from receiving vaccinations. It is especially imperative for parents of newborn children to be educated in this decision. This is because without vaccines a newborn child could die from serious illnesses. On the other hand, a newborn child could also die from complications from vaccines as well. In order to make an educated decision whether to vaccinate or not, one would need to weigh out the pros and cons. There are several pros and several cons that will be discussed in more detail in this essay. In order to discuss the pros and cons of vaccinations the following articles will be used, Vaccine Exemptions Must Be Protected and Vaccination Programs Have Reduced the Incidence of Many Diseases. After discussing the pros and cons of vaccinations one should be able to decide whether they are for vaccines or against them.
One of the most controversial topics today is vaccines. Vaccines have always been known to help with immunity and preventing certain diseases. A study conducted by WHO’s Department of Immunization in 2015 found that the MMR vaccination has saved 17 million lives since 2000. While vaccines have created immunity and have eradicated deadly diseases, there is still concern regarding the safety of some vaccines, as well as disagreement as to whether they should be mandatory.
Before vaccines were invented, people could only obtain immunity against an infectious disease after they survived from that disease. Thanks to modern technology, people nowadays can acquire immunity against some once fatal infectious diseases just by vaccination, which is injection or oral-taking inactivated or attenuated strains of microbe in order to stimulate body immune system, thereby preventing disease caused by that microbe (Kurstak, 1994). Some diseases, such as polio and smallpox, have been eradicated from many countries and regions in the world (Kurstak, 1994). Vaccination is considered to be a safe and effective way to prevent many infectious diseases and have saved millions of children’s lives, yet it is not mandatory in Canada. Only three provinces (Ontario, Manitoba and New Brunswick) have legislation or regulations that require proof of immunization of certain diseases for school entrance, but all have exceptions for medical or religious reasons (Vaccine Choice Canada, n.d., para 1). Therefore, it is extremely important for parents to understand why your children need to be vaccinated.
Vaccinations are injections of weak or dead germs of a disease. The body of the recipient is tricked into making antibodies against the disease, therefore building up their immunity to the sickness (Gard, 18). Immunizations are nothing new; the immunization method was first discovered in the late 1700’s when smallpox was an epidemic. A doctor named Edward Jenner noticed that when people caught the very similar but less deadly cowpox, they rarely contracted the smallpox disease (“History of Anti-Vaccination Movements”). Jenner infected a boy with cowpox, and then weeks later with smallpox. As expected, the boy did not catch the smallpox disease. Now, Over 200 years later, vaccines are widely accepted and even required for kids to attend school (unless the child has an exemption.) Richard Hoffman, a chief medical officer, even stated, "Vaccines remain the most effective tool we have for preventing disease and improving public health." (Gard, 18). However, despite the mass support, many parents don’t believe in vaccinations. These beliefs are based on speculative risks of autism, schizophrenia, ADD, and other disorders and diseases. Since commonly vaccinated diseases can be very dangerous and even deadly but the theorized ineffectiveness lead to other devastating consequences, the decision to vaccinate a child is a serious one. While a majority of people support that vaccinations have nearly ,eradicated illnesses, others believe that vaccines have negative consequences that
Throughout history there have been years and years of sickness and illness that we don’t have today. Many would argue that we have been saved by vaccines. Saved from Polio, Chicken Pox, Cholera, Measles, and more--but have we really? According to Owen (2013), “…only smallpox and the little known animal disease rinderpest have been successfully wiped out.”