Psychological Trauma Psychology

Trauma can be described in many ways physical, sexual, emotional or mentally. For children and adolescent’s trauma and being victims of trauma can come for three different factors such as genetic or biological factors such as a DNA, problems with chromosomes, age of the parents during conception, or anything that may have affected the fetus/infant’s prenatal or post-natal care; environmental factors include surrounding areas both inside and outside of the home; and lasting their social or personal relationships, thus can include bullying, or assault (D’Andrea, Ford, Stolbach, Spinazzola, & Van der Kolk, 2012). Interpersonal trauma can affect a child/adolescents social, psychological, cognitive and biological development (D’Andrea, Ford,

The term “Psychological trauma” refers to damage wrought from a traumatic event, which that damages one’s ability to cope with stressors. “Trauma” is commonly defined as an exposure to a situation in which a person is confronted with an event that involves actual or threatened death or serious injury, or a threat to self or others’ physical well-being (American Psychiatric Association, 2000). Specific types of client trauma frequently encountered by which therapists and other mental health workers frequently encounter in a clinical setting include sexual abuse, physical , or sexual assault, natural disasters such as earthquakes or tsunamis, domestic violence, and school or/and work related violence (James & Gilliland, 2001). Traumatic

Traumatizing events are happening all over the world, and are being caused by pitiless gang

Chapter five discussed trauma and stress disorders. Two of these disorders being acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder. For this week’s discussion we were asked to discuss what types of events in modern society might trigger these disorders. I feel that many events could trigger this type of disorder. The initial events that come to mind are the Iraq war, Hurricane Matthew that is affecting the east coast currently, the San Bernardino terrorist attack, death of a child, and being a victim of a sexual assault. I think that all of these can be extremely stressful for an individual. However, people on the outside may view one event to be more traumatic than another. Some things that may help relieve the stresses of modern society

Trauma occurs when a child has experienced an event that threatens or causes harm to her emotional and physical well-being. Events can include war, terrorism, natural disasters, but the most common and harmful to a child’s psychosocial well-being are those such as domestic violence, neglect, physical and sexual abuse, maltreatment, and witnessing a traumatic event. While some children may experience a traumatic event and go on to develop normally, many children have long lasting implications into adulthood.

“With effective treatment, children can recover from sexual abuse and other traumas. In TF-CBT, one key to recovery is encouraging children to open up and talk freely about their trauma (Getz, 2012).” First trauma-Focused cognitive-Behavioral Therapy is an evidence based treatment is a model designed to assist children and their families in overcoming the negative effects of traumatic experience. There are many types of trauma events such as child abuse, domestic violence, rape violent and community violence and etc. I will be discussing three main section which are: Facing trauma, Evidence based treatment and what differentiates TF-CBT.

There is often an expectation that someone who has survived a traumatic event would be happy for being alive. But there are those who have gone through a traumatic event and have developed a condition known as survivor’s guilt and/or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and are actually unhappy or depressed that they survived. This condition not only affects the survivors, but those around them as well.

When looking at those that have experienced the traumatic event first however, the most common substance used is alcohol. This can be explained by the endorphin compensation hypothesis. When someone experiences a traumatic event their brain produces endorphins as a way to reduce the pain and cope with the stress. However, when the event is over, the body goes into endorphin withdrawal because the levels of endorphins gradually decrease. This withdrawal can also cause more emotional stress such as anxiety and depression, which contributes to posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. This not only happens during the initial traumatic event but also when re-experiencing the same event because of their flashback symptoms. Alcohol however increases

Individuals suffering from post-traumatic stress are accustomed to high levels of stress from the initial traumatic. This trauma continues to live in an individual through nightmares and flashbacks. Many individuals who have tolerated post-traumatic stress suffer from memory loss and other brain related changes. According to Moyer (2016), the hippocampal size in the brain has been shown to have an inverse relationship to the duration of PTSD symptoms; chronic stress conditions might continue to damage the hippocampus even after the initial trauma. Moyer (2016) also states that aside from increased stress caused by PTSD symptoms, a lack of control of cortisol levels might cause further damage to the brain, resulting in increased brain changes

Dr. Shiraldi states in his book, The Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Sourcebook Second Edition: A Guide to Healing, Recovery, and Growth, that PTSD is “a normal response by normal people to abnormal situation” (2009). The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III) recognized Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a mental disorder in 1980 (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). It is a long-term reaction to exposure to severe traumatic events in an individual’s life. These exposures might include rape, war, abuse, natural disaster or other extreme stressors. Man-made, intentional causes are usually the most complex situations to recover from, with those caused by nature being the least emotionally impacting long-term.

First, some memories were useless in our personalities. Lots of war veterans have bad memories they cannot forget and always rings a bell of their fear. The psychologists were not that useful dealing with that. Before finding the way or drugs, which could recover the post-traumatic stress, the using of propranolol is still important. It could reduce the pain of these victims. Although the use of the drugs would have negative effects on people. This is better than let people feeling fear sporadic and feeling sad all the time. It seemed a good way to solve similar problems easily and apace. The drugs could relatively reduce the post-traumatic stress.

Post traumatic stress can be developed in not just war zones but also with street/gang violence, sexual abuse, and physical abuse, therefore it needs more attention so victims will be less likely to commit suicide and will be able to get the right form of treatment.

You are cordially invited to a Trauma and Grief Support Group. This education and support group will provide materials and discussions on a variety of topics to assist individuals in their grieving process.

In the Journal of Traumatic Stress, the article “Stress Among Young Urban Children Exposed to Family Violence and Other Potentially Traumatic Events” by Cindy A. Crusto of Yale University School of Medicine, Melissa L. Whitson of the University of New Haven, Sherry M. Walling of Fresno Pacific University, Richard Feinn of the University of Connecticut Health Sciences Center, Farmington, Stacey R. Friedman of the Foundation for Advancement of International Medical Education and Research (FAIMER), Jesse Reynolds of the Yale-Griffin Prevention Research Center, Mona Amer of the American University at Cairo, and Joy S. Kaufman of Yale University School of Medicine takes a look at traumatic events experienced by children

According to Perry's discussion (2003, pg 7) "Persisting physiological  and emotional distress is physically exhausting and emotionally painful.   Because of the pain,  energy and  discomfort associated with  the recurring  intrusive thoughts and the physiological  and  emotional  'memories' associated with  these  thoughts,  a variety of  protective  avoidance  mechanisms are used to escape reminders of  the original trauma.  These include active avoidance of  any reminders of the trauma and  the mental mechanisms of numbing and dissociation." Trauma can effect a person's potential to learn and lead them to a longtime of learning impediment. There are many cognitive symptoms of psychological trauma, which are being distracted, lack of ability