Therefore, the certainty degree factors of the received recommendations are: μ(0.3)=0.85, μ(0.29)=0.844 and μ(0.8)=0.85. The similarity between the values and the absence of other useful information do not allow the model to make a decision regarding the dishonest and honest recommendations. Second, the model can generate false positives and false negatives. In order to appreciate this fact, we consider another small set of n = 6 received recommendations with values 0.2, 0.25, 0.8, 0.8, 0.79, and 0.8. Obviously, the first recommendation (i.e. 0.2) is an erroneous reputation calculation due to bad channel communication between an honest recommender and the evaluated node. The second recommendation is, on the other hand, an outlier (i.e. …show more content…
Moreover, they may lie about their identity [46]. In our case, malicious sensors may lie about the assigned reputation value by sending dishonest recommendations to the evaluating node. In Bee-Trust Scheme, the recommenders must transmit the logs associated with their judgment regarding the reputation value assigned to the evaluated node as evidence of the transactions that caused their judgments. Whereas truth-telling involves only sending truthful logs associated with the corresponding reputation, lying additionally involves a decision to lie followed by the construction of a falsehood [44] namely divergence between the information contained in the log file and the assigned reputation value which make incompatible situation whether between logs as well as between logs and reputation. These incompatible tasks are more difficult and take longer to complete correctly; hence, slower responses diagnose dishonesty [44]. Dishonest recommender’s problem is a somewhat similar situation to that used in TARA. Recent research now abundantly confirms that, when responding to direct inquiries in a structured manner, people take longer on average to lie than, to tell the truth [43].Using the same reasoning, we introduce the response speed as an index of deception to detect dishonest recommenders. For each recommender, the response speed index can be calculated as: 〖RSI〗_(R_i )=D_(tr(A,R_i))/〖RT〗_(R_i ) (17)
A professional deception detector, and author, Pamela Meyer points out the fact that, “ Lying is complex. It 's woven into the fabric of our daily and our business lives. We 're deeply ambivalent about the truth…. It 's as old as breathing. It 's part of our culture, it 's part of our history. Think Dante, Shakespeare, the Bible, News of the World”, in a TED Talk in which she details certain clues about how to
Lying is part of human nature. On average, we tell one to two lies a day. We all lie. Some do it more often than others. We even do it to ourselves on occasion. There are many ways to tell a lie. And sometimes we may not even intend to lie, it just happens. Lying is inevitable. It happens whether we like it or not. But it is up to us whether we let it drastically influence our lives. In The Ways We Lie by Stephanie Ericsson, the author discusses the different types of lies we encounter and tell in our daily lives.
Angelo Segura English 12 Honors Dr. Jen 5 May 2018 The moment we proclaim we don’t or have never lied is the moment we lie. It doesn’t matter how well we say it, there are points in our lives when we are faced with certain situations where the only viable option to get out of it is to lie. Lies may be categorized, but whether it’s a good lie or a bad lie, it’s still a lie. Throughout her essay, “The Ways We Lie”, Stephanie Ericsson explores and exploits different kinds of lies we may use in our daily lives.
However, although this is useful for social interaction, it is a serious problem in other areas. Deception can be a problem when people actively deceive in job applications, giving evidence and in court. Being able to detect whether a person is lying or
. .] I said I was busy,” (1-4). She then goes on to show how those lies not only did not incur immediate negative effects, but also proved somewhat beneficial to her and her family. By illustrating such a situation for the audience, Ericsson emphasizes the irrevocable role that lying plays in society while also initiating contemplation regarding the possible pros and cons of seemingly innocuous lying. Further on, as she deconstructs lying into specific categories, Ericsson provides contrast to her first anecdote with a narrative regarding a charlatan-esque friend who “seduced others into an illusion” that he was intelligent and trustworthy (11). In doing so, she introduces the audience to the position that lies have larger and more dangerous implications than they may have originally believed. Ericsson unseats her audience in order to make them question any preconceived concepts about lying they
The Ways We Lie addresses the main topic of avoiding the truth promptly. Factions of lying, especially those not ordinarily considered deceit, are presented, and personal anecdotes as well as historical precedents magnify personal appeal along with logic. The purpose of this essay is to encourage people to abstain from dishonesty. For illustration, the author states,”I cannot seem to escape the voice deep inside
The mere concept of a compulsive or pathological liar is often repulsive to most of us, but the truth is, many of us aren’t that far from crossing that bridge. In her essay, “The Ways We Lie”, Stephanie Ericsson analyzes not only the many occasions in which we lie, but also the meaning and consequences of those lies. Although Ericsson’s definitions are well articulated, the evidence she employs to support many of her statements lack depth.
How often do we lie and never consider the outcomes? In her essay, “The Ways We Lie,” Stephanie Ericsson explores the different types of lies and the consequences of their usage. She effectively provides anecdotal and factual evidence to support her definitions of lies.
Did you know that in 2002, a study was conducted by the University of Massachusetts that yielded a surprising end result that said sixty percent of adults cannot successfully sit through a simple ten minute conversation without telling at least one lie? In fact, the average number of lies a subject told in the exchange was three. Lying has become so second nature to people that sometimes they do not even realize they are doing it. According to Arthur Miller’s The Crucible, a lie- whether it be a small white one or a large, intricately-knit web of them- can be told in a number of situations for a number of different circumstances. One circumstance in which people often turn to a lie for an answer is when trying to protect oneself from danger
Now our service is to acquire the user who has the most likelihood to be recommended. First we use the probability function $P(r,u)$ using the communication between the user and recommender. If the probability is higher than our defined threshold value then grouped the user. All the nodes in this group are our expected nodes. Now for the nearest one we run BFS and extract the best one for recommendation.
lie have grown exponentially, and ways to catch someone in the act have only been amplified.
The most honest people you meet in your life are usually the ones who remind you over and over again how honest they are, right? I do not know about you, dear reader, but in my experience it is quite the opposite.
So it is also attractive for Jules Kroll to take this opportunity to enter the credit rating industry. In addition, the “issuer pays” model, which used by the big three rating agencies, lets companies shop around for the best ratings, putting pressure on the agencies to inflate their grades. As a result, it is very difficult to argue that they can adequately represent the users’ side. Therefore, Jules Kroll wants to use another model that can assign unbiased and reliable ratings.
Thesis- What I found is that, while most people think that they are good at detecting lies, in reality, they are terrible at detecting lies. Today, I’m going to help you learn how to tell if someone is lying by first, showing you how frequently we encounter liars, second, revealing the secret to basic lie detection, and finally, arming you with a trick to trip up any liar.
People lie for all kinds of reasons. However half the lies are either self–orientated, and are therefore intended to make the liar appear better or to gain personal advantage (DePaulo et al., 1996). Self– orientated lies consist of people lying