Reflection Paper On Action Potentials

Resting heart contractions were recorded for thirty seconds until the heart rate was less than 60 beats per minute. A stimulator electrode to be used was set to the following states: Amplitude of 4.00 Volts, a stimulus delay of 50ms, stimulus duration of 10ms, a frequency of 1.0Hz, and a pulse number of 30. The electrode was then placed in direct contact with the heart for 30 seconds at which time the data was observed and recorded.

B. Part B. PowerPhys Experiment 4 – Effect of Exercise on Cardiac Output (13 points total)

An electrical stimulus was applied to the heart; the following graph shows the refractory period of the frog’s heart when an extra-systole was induced. It can be seen that right after the recording was marked “Refractory 3,” an extra-systole was detected.

The heart serves an important purpose within the body, pumping blood throughout the circulatory system to supply all parts of the body with vital nutrients and molecules. It pumps oxygen and nutrient rich blood to be exchanged for carbon dioxide, which is then pumped to the lungs and eliminated from the body. The movement of blood throughout the body is due to the heart’s ability to push blood along the circulatory system at a steady, unfaltering rate. This rate, known as heart rate, is regulated and can be altered at a moment’s notice by signaling within the body and heart itself. In vertebrates, the autonomic nervous system controls and regulates heart rate. The autonomic nervous system is divided into two subunits, the sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system. The parasympathetic nerve that innervates the heart is the vagus nerve. In this laboratory experiment, the regulation of heart rate was observed by studying a certain breed of turtle, the Red-eared Slider (Trachemys scripta elegans). Both chemical and electric signaling can influence the components of the nervous

In the normal conduction of the heart the electrical impulse starts in the SA node, also called the pacemaker of the heart. The electrical impulse travels through the right atrium and through the Bachmann’s bundle into the left atrium. This stimulates the atria to contract. Next the signal travel to the AV node. The AV node slightly delays the signal. This delay is needed for the heart to beat properly. Without this delay the atria and ventricles would beat at the same time. The electrical signal then travels to the Bundle of His where it is split into the signals going to the right and left ventricle. The signal

With this new invention a systematic way of interpreting an Electrocardiograph soon developed. The layout of the graph is as such: there are 4 columns which correspond to the leads; the first column – I, II, and III; the second column: aVR, AVL, aVF; the third V1-3; and the fourth V4-6. Each column is recorded simulation however they are not always displayed on the strip except for the last rhythm strip which occurs at the bottom of the tracing (lead II and V1).

of atria and ventricle. Impulses not being transmitted from atria to the ventricle; no whole number relationship between atrial and ventricular contractions was demonstrated.

Inhale. Exhale. Were the words coming out my father’s mouth as I finished a dreadful mile sprint. My heart pumped faster, as I felt blood rushing throughout my body. One beat at a time, my heart circulated blood through each chamber. It amazed me how a determined physician known as William Harvey discovered the process. After the discovery of the human heart, analyst grew curious to learn how a single muscular organ was able to pump blood thought the body. In the fourth century a Greek physician known as Aristotle described the beating heart as a three-chamber organ that was the center of the circulating blood .In the early 1400’s an Italian anatomist know as Leonardo Da Vinci believed the heart circulated through two chambers. Yet, it was not until the English physician known as William Harvey who confirmed with reason and

Whenever someone comes into the Emergency Department of a hospital with chest pain, an electrocardiogram (ECG) is done. An ECG is a recording of the voltage pulses in the heart. These voltage pulses are waves of electrical current that cause the heart to beat. Before continuing our discussion, it is important to note that an electrical current is the flow of electrons whereas voltage is simply the potential those electrons have to do work if or when they are delivered.

The cardiovascular system is the most important system in our body. Without the vital functions that the circulatory system performs, the human body would have no way of transporting blood to vital organs or the ability to transport oxygen and nutrients to cells in order to remove waste. This whole system plays a major role in maintaining physiological homeostasis (Farley and McLafferty, 2012). Understanding cardiac function plays a vital role in understanding how human physiology and anatomy coexist. How is cardiac function regulated?

We hope that you will consider the submitted manuscript for publication in Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology.

In this experiment, the results could be used to evaluate a human's environment, which could lead to hypotheses to be formed about why a human would need to hold their breath. These hypotheses could then be used to run further experiments which would expand the knowledge of human cardiopulmonary physiology even further then this experiment

Home: Where the Heart Is – An outline and tour of the heart from Franklin Institute.

The purpose of these lab exercises is to understand the function and importance of an electrocardiogram. This lab will demonstrate how stress levels or different elevations can affect human heart rate. Furthermore, the equipment used in the experiment will show the functions in the right and left arm; as well as, in the right and left ankles. Finally, the lab will serve a purpose as a way to know how to read an electrocardiogram and calculate the heart rate.

While contraction in skeletal muscle is triggered by motor neurons under central control, certain cardiac muscle variants exhibit autorhythmicity. This means that that they are capable of producing their own depolarizing electrical potential. The cardiomyocytes that are capable of producing their own electrical potentials are found in what is referred to as the electrical condition system of the heart. This system is comprised of specializes cardiomyocytes that are autorhythmic and are able to conduct electrical potentials rapidly. These specialized structures include the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node and bundle, and Purkinje fibers.