Research Paper On Pathophysiology

The skin is the largest organ of the body, covering and protecting the entire surface of the body. The total surface area of the skin is around 3000sq inches depending on age, height and body size. As well as the nails, hair, sweat glands and the sebaceous glands, the skin forms the integumentary system. Besides oroviding protection to the body, the skin also helps regulate body temperature, helps your

Skin is the largest organ of the body, covering and protecting the entire surface of the body. The total surface area of skin is around 3000 sq inches or roughly around 19,355 sq cm depending on age, height, and body size. The skin, along with its derivatives, nails, hair, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands forms the integumentary system. Besides providing protection to the body the skin has a host of

The skin is divided into three different parts including the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin. This region of the skin has no blood cells or blood vessels running through it. All of the nutrients that the epidermis needs are received through diffusion from the dermis. The epidermis is made up of stratified squamous epithelial cells. The epidermis is made of five separate layers: the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and the stratum corneum. Starting at the innermost layer, the stratum basale is where mitosis of keratinocytes takes place. This layer of the epidermis also contains melanocytes which give the skin it’s pigment. As mitosis takes place in the stratum

The three layers that make up healthy skin: Epidermis, Dermis and Hypodermis. Epidermis is composed of keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium. This layer provides a thick, water proof protective covering over the underlying skins. The dermis layer is composed of primarily of dense, irregular, fibrous connective tissue that is rich in collagen and elastin. The dermis contains blood vessels, nerve ending, and epidermally derived cutaneous oranges such as sweat glands, sebaceous glands and hair follicles. The last layer is Hypodermis this layer is composed primarily of loose dead skin. The fat layer provides cushioning and insulation for

EPIDERMIS is the External layer of skin that demonstrations as an obstruction between the body and the earth. Stratum corneum, highest layer, is made up of corneocytes (level, dead skin cells) shaping skin's hindrance. Basal layer, lowest part layer, is the place color is delivered.

What does jaundice indicate? Jaundice indicates liver disease, bile obstruction, or hemolysis of red blood cells, in which case an accumulation of the bilirubin in the blood produces a yellowish coloration.

In the case of patient with myocardial infarction, shortness of breath happens when the heart unsuccessfully pumps blood out into the vessels causing it to return from the lungs back to the heart. The blood leaks into the lungs thus causing fluid buildup or congestion.

Stratum Corneum this layer is the outer most layers; it is formed from numerous layers of compressed scale- like, overlapping cells. What makes up the surface of the skin is corneocytes, which are commonly called ‘dead skin cells’. Keratinocytes are found in the epidermis they travel up through the layer where they are formed into corneocytes. The stratum corneum layer protects against lights, chemicals, water loss, heat and bacteria.

The skin is made up of two layers: the epidermis and the dermis. The epidermis consists of keratinocytes, melanocytes, dendritic cells, and tactile cells (Marieb & Hoehn 153). The epidermis consists of four to five layers, including stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum. The deepest layer, stratum basale lies on top of the dermis and contains mitotic cells that help repair the skin when it is damaged (Marieb & Koehn 153). Stratum spinosum is the house for Langerhan’s cells, and can be characterized as the “prickly layer” on top of the stratum basale (Poonawalla & Diven). Stratum granulosum is where keratinization begins, and the cells will flatten and the organelles will die (Marieb & Koehn 153). The next layer is the stratum lucidum, which is only in thick skin. The most superficial layer of the epidermis is the stratum corneum, and it is made up 20-30 dead cell layers that help give the skin its protective function (Marieb & Koehn 154). The epidermis is avascular, meaning this layer contains no blood vessels. Each epidermal layer has its function and they work together when repair is needed and they protects the underlying dermis structures.

Skin is made up of three major layers, the outermost layer being the epidermis, the deeper layer being the dermis, and the layer below the dermis or the hypodermis layer. The skin provides protection against pathogens, dehydration, UV light and mechanical trauma: 1) epithelial cells provide a barrier, sebaceous glands produce an oil called sebum, it has antifungal, and antibacterial properties, provides lubrication, hydration by preventing water loss from the epidermis, and increases the surface film that blocks toxic and caustic irritants. 2) contains somatic sensory receptors that can distinguish pain, heat, cold, and touch; 3) contains elastic and recoil properties that allows for growth and movement; 4) hormone production, vitamin D; 5)

The tough, relatively thin outer layer of the skin, or epidermis is made up of five layers of keratinocyte cells. This outer layer of the skin acts as the bodies first natural form of defense by preventing most bacteria, viruses and foreign objects from penetrating the body. Additionally, the epidermis layer of skin works to protect internal organs in the body against trauma. The epidermal layer of skin present on the palms of the hands and the bottom of the feet are much thicker to provide additional protection due to the stratum corneum, the outer keratin layer of the epidermis. Melanocytes can be found in the deepest layer of the epidermis, the basal layer, its primary function is to protect DNA from harmful exposure to ultraviolet radiation from sunlight (Holder, Robinson & Laub, 2011).

1. epidermis - it is the most superficial layer of the skin and consists of five layers. The outer layer of the stratum corneum of the epidermis, which consists of keratin proteins, and lipids. When this part of the skin effect elements and other factors such as aging and skin diseases, we can often visible immediate dryness and flaking. The second layer is a layer Spinosum or spiny layer. It is held together with barbed cells and wherein the protein or keratin, synthesized and produced. The next layer is the granular layer where melanocytes, the precursors of keratin found. Melanocytes are responsible for the color, or pigmentation. Lucidum layer is the fourth layer, which is very thin. It is almost exclusively in the hands and soles of the

Acute and chronic asthma affects individual disproportionately in the disease progression, in terms of lifestyle, treatment and health care costs. “An estimated 13.9 million visits to physician offices and hospital outpatient departments, 1.9 million emergency department visits, and 484,000 hospital admissions were attributed to asthma in 2002” (Williams, 2006, P. S3). Asthma can affect a person at any age or without risk factors. Infant or children can develop asthma due to inherited genes, especial boys, related to small airway, and possible outgrow as adolescent and adult. There are those who continue to agonize because of behavioral or environmental factors. Obesity contribute to breathing difficulty.

It is vital that healthcare professionals are able to understand the reasons of which why a patient feels ill. Diagnosing or only being able to identify the conditions presented by a patient is merely part of the process. The understanding of an illness provides a more effective means of treatment as it enables one to practically use the information they have. Pathophysiology presents the biological processes involved in a disease, it provides explanations for the causes of diseases.

Physiologists view the body as a machine whose mechanisms of action can explained in terms of cause and effect sequences of physical and chemical processes.