Ravensbruck
Within a few hours we became brutally aware of reality: the forced labor, the experimental operations on young girls, the transport noirs, individual and mass executions, the ill being, “put out of their misery,”, the dogs, the beatings, and the gas chambers (Tillion p.5). Ravensbruck was torture and misery for every living soul in the camp, no matter which nationality or religion. The labor concentration camp was a living nightmare for the females that were kept there to be used as slaves or guinea pigs.
Ravensbruck opened May 15, 1939 near Lake Schwedt, and it seemed fairly innocent. Ravensbruck was seen as the largest concentration camp that was meant for women in Germany, but Auschwitz-Birkenau was the second largest concentration
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Furthermore, they could've also been from Russia, Poland, France, Ukraine, or even Germany. Ravensbruck was a small concentration camp that held a wide diversity of women in its fences. It seems deceit compared to other camps at first sight, but sights can deceive.
Ravensbruck was filled with trepidation, such as mass murders, random attacks, medical experiments, and the list seem to never end. When the concentration camp opened, SS colonel Gunther Tamaschke was the commander of the camp, but on January 1, 1940, SS Captain Max Koagel replaced him. Despite serving as the commander of Ravensbruck for only two years, Koagal was substituted by SS Fritz Suhren. Fritz Suhren then served as the commander of the camp until the liberation in April,
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The overcrowding and the horrible hygienic conditions did not help stopping the spread of epidemic typhus. Lice was also a large problem in the camp that spread easily and tortured the prisoners. The doctors at the camp would compose medical experiments on Polish women where they would use them as guinea pigs to simulate battlefield wounds to the legs, or would inject them with sulfanilamide. Most of the women that were tested on were either killed in the process or murdered afterward, and the lucky ones who survived were severely crimped or scarred. Pregnant women who were in the camp either had abortions implemented on them or if they were Jewish, would be sent to the gas chambers.
Many companies used the forced labor that was found at Ravensbruck to earn a profit, and one of these companies are still making a profit today. The Siemens Electric Company constructed a factory near Ravensbruck where they would supposedly “hire” the woman to work for them. While the Siemens Electrical Company was using the labor to make electrical parts, the SS itself was using the forced labor of the subcamps to make weapons, aircraft components, and explosives that they could use in War World 2; and the SS would also have them remodel leather and
In the movie, Schindler’s female Jews were accidentally sent to Auschwitz instead of to Schindler directly. In real life, Jewish “deportees were forced to stand in crowded cattle cars without toilet facilities and upon arrival, were sorted into those fit for work and those— like children, the elderly, and frail— destined for the gas chambers. Camouflaged as shower rooms, the gas chambers held about twenty people each. Instead of water, the spigots released deadly Zyklon-B gas” (Berger 2). The women in the movie had to go through this horrific transition into an excruciatingly laborious and deadly place. In both—real life and the movie— “those not immediately killed had their arms tattooed with blue identification numbers and sent to work… literally until they dropped. They were clothed in stripped uniforms, fed rations of bread and watery soup, and forced to sleep in bunks crammed with other inmates” (Berger 3). Once Schindler released his Jews from Auschwitz, the women were deprived, starved, changed inside and out, and unhuman looking. One “hesitates to call them living; one hesitates to call their death death, in the face of which they have no fear, as they are too tired to understand” (Berger 3). The concentration or death camps left the imprisoned and survivors forever scarred from the experience as a
Here the girls had a relatively easy time, working at looms from 7 A.M. to 6 P.M. They were even given Sundays off, a very rare occurrence in many camps. Here Klein wrote skits to entertain Frau Kügler and the other girls at the camp. She considered it one of her greatest accomplishments because, “the knowledge that it was in my power to bring them an hour of fun, to help them forget”(Klein 141), made her smile. From here, Ilse and Klein had luck on their side and stayed together as they headed to Märzdorf. This camp was very disorganized and became quite brutal on Klein. On one of the first few days there Klein was working in the factory when a supervisor tried to get her to sleep with him, “ ‘Perhaps bread and butter,’ he suggested. ‘Apples, sausage, warm soup.’ … ‘And for all that, I don’t want much from you’”(Klein 148). When Klein refused him he responded with, “You will be sorry!”(Klein 148), and this she was. He made her time at this camp torture by having her work both the morning and night shift. Leaving Märzdorf, Klein, Ilse and ten other girls were taken to Landeshut, where they were to work in a weaving mill. Here they were placed near a men’s camp and though the work was difficult they were much happier here than they had been in Märzdorf. At the men’s camp nearby Abek was working. Klein was lucky enough to be allowed to sneak visits and see him now and again. In May of 1944, the girls were transferred again, this time to Grünberg. Here, they worked in a factory in the spinning-room. The girls working in this room were x-rayed every month to search for tuberculosis and those that did not pass their screenings were sent directly to Auschwitz. After working here for quite some time the war had progressed and they were to be transferred again. Now, the train was not to be taken, but they were to walk, “We took the first step. I thought: I am marching to death or
The sleeping conditions for jew were in terrible conditions. “Several hundred three-tier wooden bunk beds were installed in each building” (“Auschwitz…”) The barracks were highly populated with rats and other vermin. There were straw mattresses for people who had abdominal issues (“Auschwitz…”). To many who
While in these camps, the prisoners were treated like dogs. They were punished harshly, sometimes without reason. Weisel uses imagery to help us imagine how brutal these beatings were. When Weisel saw his Kapo with a young Polish girl, he was whipped publicly twenty five times. The Kapo said, “An ordinary inmate does not have the right to mix into other people's affairs. One of you does not seem to have understood this point. I shall therefore try to make him understand clearly, once and for all." (Pg 57) This same Kapo also beat Weisel in order to release pent up aggression, seen when Weisel says, "One day when Idek was venting his fury, I happened to cross his path. He threw himself on me like a wild beast, beating me in the chest, on my head, throwing me to the ground and picking me up again, crushing me with ever more violent blows, until I was covered in blood." (Pg 53) Along with having to deal with these cold hearted beatings, the prisoners were also malnourished and starving. Food was scarce, and what little food there was to be rationed was inadequate in the face of the hard labor they were forced to do. In one example, the prisoners were forced to run to an abandoned village, away from their camp and the approaching Russians. Anyone who fell behind or stopped running was either shot or simply trampled by the other prisoners. With these conditions, death seemed
At these camps, the vast majority of the female population will be deliberately starved to death […] A few of them would be spared, however, for the sake of reproduction. These women would be kept and bred in secret labs”.
Textbooks refuse to display how appalling life was inside these concentration camps. It is a miracle for Mr. Steinberg to still be alive today to communicate his story. Life inside these concentration camps was unpleasant, carcasses would be positioned all over the floor. If an individual in the camp was fortunate enough to avoid homicide by either being placed inside a gas chamber, or by gun shot, they had to worry about the spread of disease. Auschwitz did not employ a janitorial crew to clean and sanitize the camp, blood was being shed on the walls and floors and then left there.
The doctors who examined the incoming prisoners and sorted them also worked in these hospitals performing medical research on the ill. This medical research was mostly placing the Jewish prisoners in ice water baths then monitoring them until they died. This research was mostly used to prevent hypothermia if German Pilots ever ended up being stranded in the ocean. Some of the experiments performed by doctors often had no research purpose at all, such as experiments involving eye color changing using chemical droppers and the surgical sewing of children together to create siamese twins. Auschwitz was the largest death camp with 20,000 Jews being killed a day and 39 subcamps.
Inmates resembled skeletons and were so weak they were unable to move. The smell of burning bodies was ever present and piles of corpses were scattered around the camp. However, you could be “saved” from the crematoria to be used as test subjects to cruel experimentation and used as lab rats for any experiment the scientists wanted to conduct. Later in the war, extermination camps were built. These were specialized for the mass murder of Jews using Zyklon B to ensure a painful, long, and torturous death. The bodies would then be thrown into the fire and all clothes, teeth, and shoes would be sent to pursue the German war front. At max efficiency, 20,000 people would be killed in the gas chambers a day. As the red Army approached near to liberate the Jews in concentration and extermination camps, SS officers sent prisoners on a death march across hundreds of miles, where they ran with no food or water, no matter the weather, until they reached the closest camp. SS officers proceeded to blow up the camps to hide the genocide from the
The first Nazi concentration camp was built on March 10th, 1933 in Dachau, Germany (“Dachau.” Britannia School. 2015). The empty munitions factory in Dachau, provided the space and isolation needed for the newly formed concentration camp (“Dachau”. Encyclopedia of the Holocaust, 1990). Dachau, the concentration camp, is located on the outskirts of the small town Dachau, about twelve miles north of Munich, Germany (“Dachau.” Britannia School. 2015). The camp was officially opened on March 22, 1933 and used mainly for political prisoners (Syndor, 2015).
When the Jews arrived at the camp all abled men were ordered to step to the left and women and children were ordered to step to right. After all the prisoners were separated, they shaved the hair from each person and took away all their clothes. Then they were ordered to lineup and they tattooed them with pen and ink. If anyone were to cried they were beaten. They were no longer a person they were a number. Prisoners who were unfit for labor were sent straight to the gas chamber, which was disguised as a shower to trick the victims. All the prisoners were used for forced labor and spent more than 10 hours each day working. The rest of the time was time was taken up by roll-call assemblies, lines for food or for washroom to remove all the dirt and pests from their
Auschwitz had a very strict schedule that all prisoners were forced to follow otherwise they would be punished. The prisoners were woken up at 4:00 A.M. Upon being woken up they were to make their beds and immediately go to the sanitation facility. There they were given a couple of minutes to wash up before they were to go to breakfast. After breakfast the prisoners attended roll call. Next, they joined their work teams and worked until the lunch break. After the lunch break they were to report to the evening roll call. And finally, the prisoners went to eat dinner. (Levi, 1996) In addition to the strict schedule, Auschwitz had terrible living conditions for the prisoners. Over 700 people were forced to live together in the old brick barracks. These barracks lacked insulation or heating, were very damp with leaky roofs, and were infested with rats and other rodents. (Editors of the Jewish Virtual Library, 2015) However, prisoner accommodations was not the worst part of Auschwitz. The prisoners were fed 3 meals every day, but they were fed an extremely small amount, barely getting enough energy to last through the whole day. Those who were given more physically demanding labor were fed approximately 1700 calories per
The end of WWII was not the end of Sachsenhausen' life. Three months after the end of the war and the liberation of Europe from the National Socialist rule, the Soviet secret service, the NKVD, moved Special Camp No.7 into the location of the former Nazi concentration camp of Sachsenhausen.
On May 26 in the late 1941 they began planning to make another camp known as Auschwitz-Birkenau. “ It opened in 1940 and was the largest of the Nazi concentration and camp”. Auschwitz-Birkenau became the killing centre where the largest numbers of European Jews that were killed during the Holocaust. After an experimental gassing, in September 1941, 850 starved and ill prisoners, mass murder became a daily routine. Auschwitz-Birkenau was largest camps. “ It was divided into nine sections separated by electrified
The Holocaust is one of the most horrifying crimes against humanity. "Hitler, in an attempt to establish the pure Aryan race, decided that all mentally ill, gypsies, non supporters of Nazism, and Jews were to be eliminated from the German population. He proceeded to reach his goal in a systematic scheme." (Bauer, 58) One of his main methods of exterminating these ‘undesirables' was through the use of concentration and death camps. In January of 1941, Adolf Hitler and his top officials decided to make their 'final solution' a reality. Their goal was to eliminate the Jews and the ‘unpure' from the entire population. Auschwitz was the largest
Concentration camps were an essential part of the Nazi’s systematic oppression and mass murder of Jews, political adversaries, and others considered socially and racially undesirable. “Almost all of the deportees who arrived at the camps were sent immediately to death in the gas chambers” (Killing 1). The people who were sent to work in the death camps and were sick or were not doing any work were killed. Unlike concentration camps, which served primarily as detention and labor centers, they do not kill people but mistreat them and yell in their faces. Death camps were almost exclusively death factories. One of Nazi Germany’s largest concentration camp was Auschwitz-Birkenau, located in Poland. It became a death camp in 1941, slave labor was used to kill the people because its conditions