Hailey Green English 1213, Section 12661 Stefani Goode 8th, September 2014 Letter from Birmingham Jail – A Rhetorical Analysis In 1963 in Birmingham, Alabama, a group of eight white clergymen wrote a letter criticizing the actions of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr and others protesting racial segregation. After being arrested for protesting and reading the letter in a local newspaper, Dr. King decided to address the clergymen by writing to them on the sides of the newspaper. This passionate letter was Dr. King’s attempt to convince the clergymen that the protests and actions they were witnessing were necessary and justified. Throughout this letter, Dr. King uses logos, pathos, and ethos to strengthen his argument and to persuade his readers that …show more content…
King appeals to the emotions of all audiences multiple times throughout the letter. One instance in particular is a perfect example of pathos, in that it strikes fear into the heart of God-fearing church goers. “But the judgment of God is upon the church as never before. . . If today's church does not recapture the sacrificial spirit of the early church, it will lose its authenticity, forfeit the loyalty of millions, and be dismissed as an irrelevant social club with no meaning for the twentieth century” (“A Letter from Birmingham Jail” 7). Dr. King is trying to elicit a sense of urgency and fear from the audience. If they do not change their ways now, the sanctity of the church could be lost forever and would inevitably face the judgment of God. Another effective use of pathos is the use of the 2nd person throughout the letter. Through this, he is able to challenge the beliefs and values help by audience by writing phrases like, “if you were to see..”, “I doubt you…”, “If, then…”. The entire tone of the last three paragraphs are an urgent plea to “commended the Negro sit-inners and demonstrators of Birmingham for their sublime courage”, as they will be the ones “standing up for what is best in the American dream and for the most sacred values in our Judaeo-Christian
The first of many facets that make “Letter From Birmingham Jail” effective is the credibility as an author and human being that Reverend King establishes. His titles, of Reverend and Doctor, are noticed almost immediately by a reader, but they aren’t the only factors that give him validity and bring him renown. The fact that Dr. King penned a response in the first place speaks to his character. Michael Osborn puts this in simpler words saying, “The statement to which
In his “Letter from a Birmingham Jail,” Martin Luther King Jr. makes appeals to ethos, logos, and pathos to convince the clergymen that colored people have been waiting for too long for political, economic, and social justice and freedom. He argues that it’s unfair to promise someone, or a group, for a change and not fulfill that promise. Along with demonetizing and/or belittling a person to the point where they don’t feel as important or as worth as they should; making them feel hatred and anger towards the person(s) that inflicted the pain on them, and anger towards their ethnic/culture. Also, that he is needed and wanted in Birmingham. King appeals to ethos to establish credibility and biblical allusion. King uses logos to process his
King transcends both the context of present struggle and his listeners. Unlike them, he mk understands the historical situation… he instructs them in the grand strategy of the mmmp Birmingham movement, just as any kindly teacher might attempt to cure the ignorance mmm and elevate the understanding of novice students (Osborn 28). Martin Luther King, Jr. is an expert on the struggle and obviously had the best intentions of his readers in mind while writing. This makes him both reliable and personally involved in spreading the campaign. In his “Letter,” Mr. King refuses to be put in a box, despite the location of his composition. He represents himself as a moral compass; righteous without being arrogant. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s tone and expression are an extravagant part of the letter’s ‘persuasive appeal’ (Leff, Utley 39). Mr. King himself plays an impressive part in making “Letter From Birmingham Jail” extremely effective.
¨Wait...Just wait¨; For years the only thing negros heard when segregation laws were brought up is to just wait. Martin Luther King Jr. was one who was constantly told to wait, that things were changing, that people were doing everything they could to make changes, and that they didn’t need him meddling in their business. In response to all of these claims King wrote “Letter From Birmingham Jail.” In this letter King addresses many of the issues related to the pace at which segregation laws are changing and how he can no longer just sit by idly and watch. In the text King uses a number of different rhetorical strategies to get his points and ideas across. King uses pathos to appeal to his audiences emotion to get them to see things from the negro point of view, ethos that really build his credibility and get his audience to really listen to him, and logos to appeal to people's logic and compare what is happening with the progression of segregation laws in other countries compared to the United States. Although King is in the minority and has far less people on his side he deploys the use of all of these strategies so beautifully and with so much character that it is almost impossible to not side with him.
Although most of Dr. King’s speeches and works appeal to more of a emotional and inspirational in his “Letter from Birmingham Jail” there is more of a pathos appeal. He paints a picture of the discrimination that is happening during the 1960’s and how the African American were segregated from everything in the United States right to which water fountain they could drink from. Martin Luther King describes the moment where he had to explain to his six year daughter why her skin color was not accept in society. He starts
In, “A Letter from a Birmingham Jail”, King writes about the criticisms placed on him by the Clergy and to all the white Americans who believe they are superior and do not wrong. For example when King writes, “freedom is never voluntarily given by the oppressor; it must be demanded by the oppressed” (King 3), King is speaking to the clergy who dislike his motives and actions. King is stating his innocence and that he is doing nothing wrong and that action needs to be taken in order to initiate a change. The purpose of King’s letter is not all to inspire a change in America and just address the criticism towards him and his actions but it is also a call to action. King takes on the time of a courageous, righteous, and disciplined man who
In Letter from Birmingham Jail Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. is writing a letter in response to eight white Southern religious leaders. King begins by giving his reasoning for addressing them. He mentions that he usually doesn’t address the criticism he receives. He says, “But since I feel you are men of genuine good will and your criticisms are sincerely set forth, I would like to answer your statement in what I hope will be patient and reasonable terms.” (King 1) To me, it seems as if Dr. King had a bit of a sarcastic tone, and this is what intrigued me to read this letter.
In 1963, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. wrote Letter from Birmingham Jail that went on to become one of the most controversial and important pieces of work during the Civil Rights Movement. Like many other well written rhetorics, King alludes and uses Aristotle’s three main appeals: logos, pathos, and ethos. How does King uses these appeals in his rhetoric? King effectively uses these appeals to evoke his audience’s emotion to feel remorseful for the extremity that African Americans went through and dealt with.
King’s purposeful use of appealing to reason gave him an upper hand throughout his piece, “Letter from a Birmingham Jail” and established security in his statements. Taking ethos into consideration from Martin Luther King’s text, we saw why he presented himself in such a formal manner. “I have the honor of serving as president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, an organization operating in every southern state, with headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia” (Paragraph 2, “Letter from a Birmingham Jail”). By using this appeal to credibility, King earned his audience’s respect and varnished his message. Connecting to his readers, Martin Luther King also utilized pathos throughout his letter to add just another foothold on his audience. “But since I feel that you are men of genuine good will and that your criticisms are sincerely set forth, I want to try to answer your statement in what I hope will be patient and
Within Martin Luther King Jr.’s Letter from Birmingham Jail, he addresses eight white clergymen who fill his desk with disagreements and criticism of his acts of attempting to abolish segregation. To give a better understanding to his audience he correlates his speech with religion, signifying himself to be similar to the Apostle Paul, while speaking up about the injustice being done in Birmingham. Martin Luther King Jr. speaks strongly about being unable to stand back and watch the disputes in Birmingham unravel. “Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. We are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment of destiny. Whatever affects one directly, affects all indirectly,” famously said by Martin Luther King Jr. bonds his idea during this speech that we are all affected by any type of injustice, small or large. Martin Luther King Jr. uses metaphors as a light of logic, first person point of view to add ethics with trustworthiness, and a tone of passion for the emotional aspect while addressing the clergymen.
Dr. King was an educated black man who had a dream to change the world. He used his intelligence and power of his words to make the world how it is today. In the passage “Letter from Birmingham Jail” he uses Logos, Ethos, and Pathos to show his emotion and make it easy for the people to understand what he was trying to say. Pathos is the strongest part of an essay because it shows the emotion, show the power of his words, and show what the people did to fight back. He proves to the people that they do not need violence to scare people or to change their minds.
Throughout the essay, Dr. King counters their logic and assumption and appealing to first ethos by building his credibility as an activist and secondly logos by referencing history, religious leaders and ancient philosophers whom employed similar tactics while confronting oppression and unjust laws. He successfully employs pathos appeals, citing several examples of unpunished crimes committed against the black community and appealing to logos, while countering their criticisms of creating tensions through the unwise use and timing of his direct-action program protesting. He ends his essay triumphantly with appeals to ethos, pathos and logos by defending his extremism, condemning the clergy’s silence with racial injustice, while offering hope of inevitable change to the black community. I found it difficult to assess any weakness within this essay; however, it leaves the door wide open to controversy regarding breaking unjust laws.
Writing from the heart, expressing feelings, having a strong emotional impact on ones audience, using an appeal to emotion and logic, using facts and presenting arguments in a professional way, to the enlightenment of one's viewers; Martin Luther King’s Letter from Birmingham Jail; consists of three Rhetorical Strategies throughout his letter that is known and taught around the world as ETHOS, PATHOS and LOGOS. An appeal to ethics, a means of convincing someone of the character or credibility of the persuader (ethos), an appeal to emotion, and a way of convincing an audience of an argument by creating an emotional response (Pathos), and finally, an appeal to logic, and is a way of persuading an audience by reason (Logos); these three Rhetorical Strategies are used countless times throughout Martin Luther King’s Letter for Birmingham Jail.
Rhetorical Analysis on “Letter from Birmingham Jail” While confined in a Birmingham jail, Martin Luther King Junior writes a letter to his fellow clergymen to defend himself against their criticism of his method to fighting segregation. He also intends to persuade the clergymen to fight back against the segregation. Martin Luther King Junior utilizes many rhetorical strategies and devices in his “Letter from Birmingham Jail” and successfully makes a strong message to his clergymen to understand his position and to persuade them to join his idea of a nonviolent fight against racism and segregation.
Throughout his letter, King manages to stay committed to his overall goal of supporting a land of equality, and is motivated by the injustice in Birmingham, Alabama. He writes this letter to a group of white clergyman who criticize his doings in Birmingham. King understands who his intended audience is and keeps in mind their opposing view. He refers to his critics as “fellow clergymen” as a way to point at the fact that he is one of them. King’s tone in the opening paragraph is calm and he addresses his audience by treating them as equals in