Risk And Effective At Weight Reduction Among Prediabetic Patients

This article discusses the use of dulaglutide and sitagliptin in the management of type 2 diabetes. Dulaglutide is a recombinant GLP-1 Fc fusion protein, which acts by linking GLP-1 analog peptide and a variant of lgG4 Fc fragments in humans. As such, the analog of GLP-1 has posed effects and has shown elevated efficacies in the management of type 2 diabetes. The primary efficacy in the baseline of HbA was altered during the end of 52nd week. The objective of secondary efficacy included a change in HbA during the end of the 26th and 104th week. The percentage of patients achieved HbA targets ranged between 7.5% to 6.5% in a central laboratory and the body changed significantly. However, current treatment majorly focuses on increasing

In order to identify a condition as a disease, it should fit certain criteria. One of the reasons that obesity is classified as a disease is because of its large comorbidity. Obesity is a risk factor for chronic diseases such as hypertension, dyslipidaemia, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, sleep apnoea, musculoskeletal disorders and some cancers (Rossner, 2002). According to Rossner (2002), the death rate from all causes, cardiovascular disease, cancer and other diseases increases among moderate and severe overweight men and women in all age groups. Therefore, obesity is

Obesity remains an extremely serious issue worldwide. Once considered a problem for wealthier counties, overweight and obesity are now dramatically increasing in low and middle income countries (WHO, 2011). In American, the rates of obesity continue to soar. CDC (2009) recognizes obesity as a risk factor for diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, and other health problems. According to NHANES over two-thirds of the US are overweight or obese, and over one-third are obese (CDC, 2009). Treatment for this illness varies; it may include the incorporation of diet, exercise, behavior modification, medication, and surgery. Since there is no single cause of all overweight and obesity, there is no single way to prevent or treat overweight

In order to combat the epidemic of type 2 diabetes in America, a series of subsidies and social programs promoting and mandating nutrition and exercise for weight loss should be created with the trillion dollar budget. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in America is rising and has doubled over the last 30 years to 23 million (Campbell). Currently, it costs the nation about $90 billion a year to treat the complications of type 2 diabetes (Hoerger). Added with the co-morbidities of type 2 diabetes, namely cardiovascular disease, obesity, and kidney failure, it becomes apparent that drastic measures are needed. In order to combat this epidemic, the U.S. Congress is proposing to use a trillion dollars to do whatever it takes to reduce the

All patients regardless of healthy BMI or not should have their BMI check by a healthcare worker at least yearly. Patients that are noted to have one co morbidity and a BMI of 25 should be counseled on weight loss. Patients that are noted to be obese have a suggested weight loss goal of anywhere from 3% to 10%. Obesity is a lifestyle disease so it would only be right to have the next point beginning at changing your diet, and physical activity while still counseled by your healthcare worker. When dieting an individual’s diet should be tailored to their co morbidities if any present. Patient that need to be counseled will need to be advised on how to reduce their caloric intake while gradually starting toincreasetheirworkouts and physical activity. A caloric restriction of 1800 kcal for men and 1500 kcal a day for women is usually recommended. Some patients may also benefit from different workout programs like group sessions or one to one sessions with a personal trainer. If those intervention fail and the patient has a BMI of 40 or more or a BMI of 35 or more with one or more comorbidities some form of bariatric surgery may be suggested. There are not many pharmaceutical treatments available for weight loss management. Many of these drugs on the market are known to have severe side effects such as cardiac

To assist patients who have a (BMI) of >30 to achieve a weight loss of at least 5%.

4. Preventive Care and Screening: Body Mass Index (BMI) Screening and Follow-Up - Percentage of patients aged 18 years and older with a calculated BMI in the past six months or during the current reporting period documented in their medical records and if the most recent BMI is outside of normal parameters, a follow-up plan was documented within the past six months or during the current reporting period. Normal Parameters: Age 65 years and older BMI greater than 23 but less than 30; Age 18 to 64 years BMI greater than 18.5 but less than 25.

It shows important outcomes that result from the intervention, the negative effects that occur, their quality of life, and what the economic outcomes the patients are getting from this program. The exemplar measures for this level and the percent of patients that are losing five percent or more of their body weight within six months after attending their first session, and an average of the percent body weight they have lost within those six months.

While it has been briefly touched upon in the previous section that the goal of weight loss should be disease prevention priority #1, it is essential that the patient also work to rein in his diabetes in order to reduce his A1C, reduce any extrapolation that the disease may place on his other conditions, and reduce the chance of diabetic neuropathy, vision issues, slow wound healing, etc. While this health promotion plan may seem

of the study is to determine the benefits and safety of the drug called Liraglutide in patients with

We constructed 10-year risk assessment charts of CVD incidence using important risk factors. Such a user-friendly chart included SBP, WHR, diabetes, smoking status, CVD family history and TC. SBP was grouped into four classes: (1) <120, (2) 120-139, (3) 140-159, and (4) ≥160 mmHg. These cutoff points were based on National Cholesterol Education Program’s Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III). TC was categorized into five groups: (1) <150, (2) 150-200, (3) 200-250, (4) 250-300 and (5) ≥300 mg/dL. High waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) was defined as WHR ≥ 0.80 and 0.95 in women and men, respectively. When FBS ≥126 mg/dL or the 2h post-load plasma glucose ≥200 mg/dL or the patient was receiving anti-diabetic agents, subjects were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. The smoking variable comprised current smokers.

Patients received counseling for lifestyle modifications and were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive subcutaneous injections of Liraglutide once-daily (2487 patients) or placebo (1244 patients). Inclusion criteria included patients who did not have type 2 diabetes and who had a body mass index (BMI) of at least 30 or a BMI of at least 27 with concurrent dyslipidemia or hypertension. No statistical baseline differences occurred between the Liraglutide and placebo group; however, the study did enroll predominately Caucasian females which could impact the external validity of the results. Primary endpoints were the change in body weight and the proportion of patients that lost at least 5% and over 10% of their initial body weight. The study was conducted from June 1, 2011 through March 18, 2013 at 191 sites in 27 countries. After 56 weeks, the patients in the Liraglutide group were then randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to continue Liraglutide or receive placebo for an additional 12 weeks to assess for efficacy and safety after discontinuation. Patients who were originally placed in the placebo group continued to receive placebo after reassignment. Patient evaluation occurred at weeks 2, 4, 6, and 8 then every 4 weeks through week 44, and then again at weeks 50, 56, 58, 60, 64, 68, and 70. Patients that were not able to finish the study were asked to return at week 56 for the recording of measurement, weight and adverse

Source: CDC, National Center for Health Statistics, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Health, United States, 2002. Flegal et. al. JAMA. 2002;288:1723-7. NIH, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults, 1998.

| Weaknesses * Slow Weight Loss * Costly over time * Successful weight loss is not typical

Obesity in the United States has more than doubled over the past four decades. Prevalence of obesity cause many other disease such as diabetes and heart issues. Obesity can be described as a health condition of a person or people of a population that have excess body fat. Diabetes is a disease related to high level of blood sugar in the blood. Obesity and diabetes are among disease that have direct relationship with each other. As obesity increase in a population, diabetes increases too. Jennifer B.Marks, Professor of Medicine at the University of Miami Miller researches in “Obesity in America: it’s getting worse”, Roger Z. Joanne a public health provider in the Obesity Action Coalition group researches in “Obesity and type 2 Diabetes”, Eckel H. Robert, Professor of Medicine in Colorado University researches in “Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: What can be Unified and What needs to Be Individualized”, and Obesity Society group researches in “Your weight and diabetes”, mention that while obesity and diabetes have different definition in medical process, the reason why people become obese and diabetic as well as how to prevent them is same. Eating larger portion size than what the body needs , lack of physical activity, and putting foods without good quality in diet are the major reasons that people become obese.