The Pathophysiology Of Obesity And Obesity

Obesity is becoming a major problem to many Americans as well as many people around the world. Being the second cause of preventable death in the United States, obesity increases the risk of numerous adverse health problems including breast cancer, heart disease, type II diabetes, osteoarthritis, colon cancer, stroke, and more. Obesity is defined as an excess proportion of total body fat, with a person being considered obese if his or her weight is twenty percent or more above normal body weight. A common way to measure obesity is by calculating the body mass index. An individual is considered overweight if his or her BMI is between twenty five and thirty,

Candidate genes allow researchers to come up with rational hypothesis of role of these genes and their contribution to different conditions, in this case obesity. Therefore, they are potential predisposition factors. Candidate genes are chosen on a basis of knowledge of their function, biochemistry and their expression pattern (what protein they encode for and where is this protein mainly expressed) in obesity. At present, there are about 300 genes that have been hypothesized to contribute (to some extent) to obesity development.

Obesity is a condition where an individual’s weight is disproportionate to their height. There are many factors

The WHO classifies an adult with a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or above as being obese. The BMI tool is used globally, and is calculated by dividing a person’s body weight in kilograms by their height in inches. Bostram and Eliasson (2006) argue a serious weakness with BMI is that the measure cannot differentiate between fat and muscle mass, and that a change in girth or abdominal circumference is a better reflection on the onset of obesity among other associated problems such as type 2 diabetes. Obesity is one of the major public health issues affecting society and is fast becoming a major cause of death across the globe. Seidell & Halberstadt (2015) indicate that the prevalence of obesity is growing at an alarming rate, and over the last thirty years, overnutrition and obesity has transformed from a minor health issue which affected only the most affluent of societies, to being a major threat to public health throughout the world.

Obesity is a condition where the fat in the body is collected and stored in huge amounts. It is the Body Mass Index (BMI) which is the comparison between the weight and the height of a person that would help in identifying obese cases. If BMI's is greater than 25, the person would be called overweight and if it is more than 30 than he would be called obese. Obesity is an issue of public concern because of the threat it has towards the physical and the mental health, to the relationship, development and the overall well being of an individual. It is not only limited to a particular age group, gender, culture or a part of the globe. Instead, every individual is in danger to its bad affects.

Obesity is when a person has excess body fat. It is calculated by dividing one’s weight by his or her height to get the body mass index (BMI=kg/m^2). This number is also used to screen for health problems that maybe be caused by certain weight categories. A BMI of 25-29.9 is considered to be overweight and over thirty is considered obese. A third of children are overweight (CDC, 2014). Obesity leads to significant physical and mental health consequences. Obese children are at risk for bone and joint problems, sleep apnea, type two diabetes, high cholesterol, coronary artery disease and hypertension (CDC, 2014).

It is no secret that the average weight of a person has gone up significantly throughout the last decade or so. While people are becoming more and more overweight, they get closer to being categorized as obese. Obesity is a condition in which the body becomes grossly fat or overweight. It is not the same as simply being overweight, which may just be caused by extra muscle, bone, or water, along with having too much fat. If a person’s body weight is 20% higher than what it should be, then he or she is considered to be obese. If the body mass index, a statistical measurement derived from height and weight, is between 25 and 29.9, a person is considered overweight. If the BMI is 30 or over, one is considered to be obese. Someone who is

A survey conducted by the CDC, that was composed of 1.5 million people, showed that there was a 50% increase of Americans who were 100+ lbs more overweight from the year 2000 to 2005. With obesity now being considered an “epidemic” in the U.S, the chances of increasing the risk of diseases such as high blood pressure, type II diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, gallbladder disease, sleep apnea, respiratory problems, and osteoarthritis are through the roof. Because obesity is becoming an “epidemic,” it can also be found in all age groups, race, and education levels (Budrys, 2010, pp 93). Using the Body Mass Index (BMI), that measures body fat based on weight (in kilograms) divided by height (in meter squared) and is given in a percentage, is a way of calculating if the body fat is in an underweight (<18.5), healthy weight (18.5-24.9), overweight (25-29.9), obese I (mildly: 30-34.9), obese II (moderately: 35-39.9), obese III (morbidly: ≥40). The BMI signifies where our weight is compared to the ‘ideal’ weight based on our height.

Obesity is one of the primary contributor to the metabolic dysfunction involving lipids and glucose, however, on a broader perspective, it influences organ dysfunction including cardiac, liver, intestinal, pulmonary, endocrine, and reproductive functions. Obesity is defined as an exaggeration of normal adipose tissue caused by an increased energy intake and a marked reduced energy expenditure. Individuals affected by this condition, also suffered from diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and atherosclerosis, which is believed to be due to largely to the secretion of excessive adipokines (Redinger,2007).

Obesity has been around for several thousands of years but hasn’t always been a serious epidemic. A higher amount of fat or stored energy used to mean a greater chance at surviving a famine, but those times are long gone in the industrialized world. As time has progressed, we’ve see an exponential growth in obesity rates despite our best efforts to slow it down. In order to contain and eventually decrease obesity rates, we would first need to know what fuels this powerful monster of the western culture. Has our problem been generated from an increase in inactivity, sugar consumption, fat consumption, other factors or a combination of them? A collection of studies have been observed to discover what the real main factor to obesity in

Obesity is a condition that involves one to have excessive body fat, which cause a greater change of health problems. To be diagnose with obesity, a doctor measures the patient’s body fat. This measurement is called Body Mass Index (BMI), which takes your height and weight in to consideration and results in the patient’s Body Mass Index number. A person with a 30 or higher BMI is considered obese. If the patient bodyweight is 20% more than recommended based on height than that patient can also categorized as obese. Obesity is a very serious condition that affects millions of people around the world. Worldwide obesity has more than doubled since 1980. Research shows that “In 2014, more than 1.9 billion adults, 18 years and older, were overweight. Of these over 600 million were obese. 39% of adults aged 18 years and over were overweight in 2014, and 13% were obese. 42 million children under the age of 5 were overweight

Obesity has become one of the leading causes of illness in the last thirty years. This is mainly due to the fact that it is easier and cheaper to eat unhealthy foods. Education is also an issue because many people are not aware of what a healthy diet consists of. Obesity is measured by a score on the BMI scale. BMI scales are based on both height and weight. Obesity, by BMI, is anything equal to or past thirty. This is comparable to weighing twenty percent more than you should. BMI scales may not be accurate for everyone, especially people with a great amount of muscle mass, but they are a good indicator for the majority of the population. Obesity further increases a person’s risk of having multiple medical problems

Clients with high BMI usually undergo excessive energy intake. In order to achieve the goal of weight reduction, proper dietary therapy is necessary to be introduce to clients. Dietary therapy varies with client’s status. A LCT (low–calorie diet) (800-1,500 kcal/day) is relatively effective in treating overweight clients. The diet is designed to let the excess weight gradually disappear by only supplying needed amount of energy to body. Research shows that LCT could not only reduce total body weight by average of 8%, but also help reduce abdominal fat content over approximately 6-month period.1 A successful LCT involves several key elements: consisting wide variety of food composition (all the macronutrients), reading and understanding nutrition labels, avoiding overconsumption of high-calorie foods, reducing portion sizes and limiting alcohol consumption.1 LCD can be applied by using Prochaska’s Trans-theoretical Model’s preparation stage, which sets realistic energy intake goals with clients. Clients are responsible to take actions to achieve the goal. Therefore, dietary goals should be mutually negotiated base on the LCD guideline and desired outcome. Client’s

Obesity basically means having too much body fat. Not being overweight for your height, having too much muscle, or water in your body. What exactly is obesity? “Obesity is a condition that is associated with having an excess of body fat, defined by genetic and environmental factors that are difficult to control when dieting. Obesity is classified as having a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or greater. BMI is a tool used to measure obesity. Obesity increases your risk of developing related conditions such as diabetes, hypertension and sleep apnea, to name a few. Many individuals are affected by obesity and are not aware of it” (O.A.C, 2016). Causes of obesity vary from person to person, but most are from the same reasons. Taking in more calories than your body can burn leads to obesity because your body stores the unused calories as fat. Typical causes are eating too much food than your body can use, drinking too much alcohol, and not getting enough exercise. Many obese people who lose large amounts of weight and gain it back think it is their fault. They blame themselves for not having the willpower to keep the weight off. Many people regain more weight than they lost. Today, we know that biology is a big reason why some people cannot keep the weight off. Some people who live in the same place and eat the same foods become obese, while others do not. Our bodies have a complex system to help keep our

Obesity is a condition in which the over accumulation of adipose fat tissue causes the weight of a person to increase abnormally. Their weight exceeds by 20%, as a factor of their ideal body weight. According to recent analysis, statistics show that more than one third of the world’s population is targeted by obesity. Research shows that overweight and obesity kills more people than underweight. Obesity occurs greatly amongst adults who are 18 years or older. An estimated 600 million adults were obese out of the 1.9 billion that were overweight, around the world in 2014. One in three adults in Mexico, New Zealand and United States are obese, and one in four adults in Australia, Canada, Chile and Hungary are obese. In contrast, rates of obesity are much lower in Asian countries, where approximately 2-4% of adults have obesity. In countries such as Mexico and the United States, Latino and Africans have the highest rates of obesity amongst all the individuals. However, along with adults, statistics show that the rates for obesity are also high among children within and below the age of 5. As calculated in 2013, the number of children across the world that were either overweight or obese was 42 million. Since then, the rates have increased by 30% more in in low- and middle-income countries than in developed countries. Due to the fact that this condition continues at higher rates across the world, several organizations, such as the World Health Organization, are working with and