Road Safety in Developing Countries
By
Hussein Chami
City University London
2014/2015
Introduction
Road traffic accidents is a global issue which needs urgent attention. About 1.24 million people die each year as a result of road traffic crashes. If this issue is not addressed the number of deaths is expected to increase to around 1.9 million. In addition to that tens of millions are injured. The topic of road safety is neglected in third world countries although road accidents is the leading cause of death among young people, children, pedestrians, and cyclists.
The majority of the world’s traffic, more than 90%, accidents occur in developed countries although these countries have just over half of the world’s
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These data will be examined thoroughly, both by descriptive statistics and statistical models to identify the relationship between the accident rate and the factors that influence the accidents such as competence, road conditions, vehicle condition etc. Finally recommendations on how to tackle these factors will be delivered in order to reduce road accidents and therefore death rates.
Objectives of the Research
This research will focus on Lebanon as the main developing country. Primary causes of road traffic accidents will be examined thoroughly and in depth as investigating road casualties is very complex and needs a lot of interpretation. Increase in vehicle owner has also led to an increase in road accidents and injuries. However there are also other factors that influence the increase of accidents and injuries. In addition to that human related causes over the previous decades have increased the complexity of the problem. Therefore an urgent attention is need to investigate and tackle the trends that lead to traffic accidents.
Therefore the objective of this research is to:
Identify the major causes of traffic accidents in developing nations
Investigate the critical causes of accidents in developing countries (Lebanon & Qatar)
Test and validate the hypothesis developed on the critical causes of road accidents using statistical models
Use the UK road safety model for recommendations in order to improve the road safety issue in developing
It seems each year that the automobile accidents increase, and there are a high number of death and injuries that follow. Records show that nearly 1.3 million people die in road crashes and 20-50 million are injured. More than half of all traffic death occur among young adults 15-44 years of age( ). Accidents can happen at any time and can be caused by many reasons such as rain, speeding, drug, or alcohol. An automobile accident is what brought the 16-year-old boy to the emergency to be care for by the medical staff there. The patient was seen by the ER staff for several hours, and he was admitted later in the inpatient unit for observation. The next morning when staff tried waking the patient he was died.
Background and Audience Relevance: According to National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, in 2015, about thirty-five hundred people were killed, and four hundred thousand were injured in car crashes.
In the experiment, they realized that the persons’ driving style also amounts to over 90 percent of these events. The consenting subjects had to complete a brief questionnaire about their personal characteristics and the features of their collision. Researchers then collected the phone records of each person's cellphone number and verified each invoice by checking the subject's full name, mailing address, and calls made to his or her home phone. For each record, they analyzed all of the telephone activity on both the day of collision and the preceding seven days, with particular attention to the time, duration, and direction (incoming or outgoing) of each call and a special note was made if there was any contact with ambulance personnel, police, or other emergency services. The information that got collected showed that cellphones impaired the drivers’ ability to control the vehicle properly, which then resulted in the vehicle crashing. (Donald A. Redelmeier, M.D., and Robert J. Tibshirani, Ph.D., New England Journal of Medicine)
First, the authors doesn't provide a profound foundation of comparable data of the Tarquinia accident rate versus other similar neighbors, especially with regards to the demographic, infrastructure and climate conditions to ensure a consistent implications of why Tarquinia higher rate of accidents i.e. higher rate of accidents could be referred to innumerable reasons such as icy roads which leads to uncontrollable conditions of safely driving. Although, the author fails to support the given claim by stating further insights of why the "vast majority" of the driver
Motor vehicle crashes are among the top 10 causes of death for U.S. residents of all ages and the leading cause of death for persons aged 5--34 years. In terms of years of potential life lost before age 65, motor vehicle crashes ranked third in 2007, behind only cancer and heart disease, and account for an estimated $99 billion in medical and lost work costs annually. Crash-related deaths and injuries largely are preventable. From 2000 to 2009, while the number of vehicle miles traveled on the nation's roads increased by 8.5%, the death
Car crashes are one of the leading causes for death in many countries all around the world. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), “About 1.24 million people die each year as a result of road traffic crashes.” This number is increasing rapidly and the WHO predicts it will reach 1.9 million deaths annually by 2020. To put that into perspective, that is almost like the entire population of Latvia dieing out over the course of a year because of car crashes. Speeding and driving under the influence (DUI) are two other prominent reasons for road traffic collisions. It would be close to impossible to stop all crashes, so the best thing we can do now is to do what we can in order to protect the people facing these tragic occurrences.
Many people lose their lives or loved ones in accidents involving cars and other types vehicles like semi trucks, farm equipment, construction vehicles, and motorcycles. People are involved in car accidents due to reasons such as distracted driving, drunk driving, inability to drive, driving in an unsafe vehicle. Many of the accidents can be can be prevented. There are many precautions that can be taken to decrease the amount of people hurt in these accidents. Options range from enforcing harsher laws for vehicular accident or simply making the car itself safer, and making it mandatory that vehicles are safer. As well as new laws that could created. There are many small things that people can do to become a better driver and cause less accidents.
Ever since the first automobile accident, which occurred in London in 1896, road safety is a critical issue for all road drivers. Nearly 1.3 million people die due to car accidents globally every year, amounting to 3,274 deaths each and every day, and the World Health Organization (WHO) has projected that estimate will rise as much as 65% by the year 2020. However, knowing the top causes for car accidents can increase your awareness while on the road, and help you get to your destination safely.
In this advanced era, the number of street mishaps needs to expand altogether. Rash driving propensities reason these mishaps will happen. Numerous about today’s drivers bring risky driving propensities. And alongside our normal lives, you will extreme frisbee cross ways for an indiscreet driver. Exactly individuals survive these ordeals same time others don’t. Rash driving camwood a chance to be seen constantly. These drivers don;t main place there exists to peril as well as those exists of different honest folks. The profitable property needs to be been wrecked in the control of the reckless drivers. To enhance our driving it is crucial should recognize some regular risk propensities rehearsed by drivers.
The primary research method for this study is qualitative. First, this study will focus on the common causes of fatal motor vehicle collisions and corrective actions in interviews with state and local highway transportation department (Zwerling et al, 2009). Second, the study will indicate the number of fatal accidents occurred with the last two year (Vock, 2013). There will be questionnaire with a choice of answers, data comparable to rural vs urban collisions, how the past occurrences were addressed and future planning to mitigate car accidents in their community. The questionnaire will also include the projects in process. The questionnaire is based on the fatality analysis reporting system statistics from the National Highway Transportation
The facts are astounding and horrific. According to the Association for Safe and International Travel, nearly 1.3 million individuals are killed in road related crashes each year. This accounts for 3,287 deaths each day. Among the statistics, is the fact, that car related accidents are the leading cause of death among young adults ages 15 through 29. It is also the second leading cause of death worldwide among young people ages 5 through 14. Unless action is taken, car related deaths are expected to become the fifth leading cause of death by 2030.
Many people have lost their lives on the road and other were severely injured. Over a million of people across the globe dies commuting from home, work or school. This is devastating to hear each day there are thousands of fatal car crashes. There are several contributing factors to collisions such as; speeding, driving under the influence, distracted while driving. For example, the person search for a radio station to listen to while driving. This causes the driver to take their eyes off the road; within seconds a collision can occur. Especially if the car ahead of the driver suddenly stops because the traffic speed decreases.
The results of this data is from the Ministry of Transport, who has done a study of drivers from the age groups that have the higher risk of crashing and the lower risk of crashing. It was noted in 2011, that there were 1409 crashes, due to alcohol or drugs. From the 1409 crashes, a random sample of these drivers was taken, where they were interviewed by researchers.
Method Summary (important info only) - Students (150) were shown a video of a multiple-car accident due to one car not stopping at a stop sign and making a right turn into the main traffic. The video is less than one minute long and the multiple-car accident happens in a period of four seconds. Afterwards, the students are given a ten item questionnaire with a diagram labeling the scene. Questions asked are either about how fast the car was going when it ran the stop sign or when it turned right. Seventy-five received the stop sign question and seventy-five received the turned right question, the last question was neutral.
Third reason of accidents on the road is teenage drivers. “2,739 teenagers died in car accidents in the United States during 2008 ", (drivesteady.com). Some teenagers cause fatal accidents, because of immaturity and lack of experience. Teenagers are very impulsive. Although not intending to hurt anyone, they sometimes drive very aggressively. It is not difficult to find teenagers driving with one hand on the steering wheel, seat pushed back, and with loud music playing. In traffic they go wild, trying to seek attention. They underestimate the risk of what they are doing. All these acts result in serious consequences on the road. Many accidents of young drivers result from their own mistakes.