Chapter 1 Introduction We are not makers of history. We are made by history.(Martin Luther).Human history is as primitive as time. Sociologically human evolution commenced from living individually to the formation of ethnic and social groups. In literature this development is marked by many periods and stages .It can roughly located by following timeline , Ancient(3600 BC-1500 AD), Postclassical (500-1500) Modern and Post modern eras. Every historical era constitutes significant social, economic, religious and political changes. However, some radical changes are witnessed by the beginning of industrial revolution in Europe. The industrial era comprised the period of the Industrial Revolution and the resulting surge of capitalism during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. …show more content…
The revolution, with its increased need for workers, generated new working, middle, and consumer classes .The whole social structure is affected including family units, gender role and community relationships. This era is marked by a remarkable shift from Romanticism to Victorian age. The juxtaposition of this distinct industrial revenue with a new kind of urban poverty is only one of the enigmas that represent this protracted and diverse period. In religion the climax of the Evangelical revival set unprecedentedly challenges to faith. The idealism and transcendentalism of Romantic movement were questioned by empirical science, utilitarian moral philosophy and Realism. In politics a boundless commitment to economic and personal freedom was followed by a constant expansion in the power of the
The industrial revolution began in the 17th century and made significant change in the world. An era was over and the new one was beginning. The revolution has advantages and disadvantages. Rising of living standards, improving of health, lifetime and trade system are its advantages. On the other hand, manufacturing has caused major problems such as deforestation, excessive use of fossil fuel sources, irresponsible industrialisation and agricultural development. These changes have increased world’s atmospheric concentration of water vapour, CO2, CH4 and other gases (Stocker, 2013). These gases capture part of energy receiving from sun and trap this heat inside atmosphere that causes rising temperatures on the earth’s surface. Naturally, for continuation of life these gases are necessary, but result of the human events these gases has produced more than plants and environment need (Robins, 2016). Also, we call them Green Houses Gases because they have the similar effect like the ‘greenhouses’ utilised to increase condition of vegetables.
The Industrial Revolution was a revolution in every sense of the word, as it altered almost every aspect of live in the nineteenth century including technology, government, communication, environment and eventually society as a whole.1 Although industrialisation created many positives for modern society, for people in Britain up to the end of the nineteenth century it had many significantly negative consequences. With the long term advances made for society came the then current development of overcrowding cities abundant with pollution, health problems and poor living conditions for the working class. These poor conditions continued into the work place with young children exploited as workers as young as the age of four or five.2 There were consequences of the Industrial Revolution for people outside of the core of Britain. India, being the periphery in the model were exploited for their raw materials which were exported to Britain.
The Industrial Revolution, which began in Britain bought about significant changes, and had varying impacts on people depending on their economic status. It was a change that spread rapidly widening the gap between the rich and the poor wherever it developed. Although the industrial revolution enhanced production, increased employment opportunities and resulted in high generation of revenues, it also negatively affected various industries given that most of the trust, conglomerate and holding companies used their influence to kill any chance of fair competition; a move that ensured they controlled their respective industries. Worse still, it increasingly degraded the lives of the middle class given that early on in the revolution; there were no specific laws or regulations to protect them. It therefore becomes evident that it is laissez- faire (a classical liberalism) that supported the historical record with regards to early industrial revolution.
In history, revolution is the reason for constant shift in society. Many eras have come and gone and only some have left a significant impact on the world. In order for an era to be revolutionary, it has to leave a long lasting influence through social, economic and political means. Historians debate whether the Renaissance was considered a revolutionary period of history or not, however the Renaissance means “rebirth” and laid the foundation of the current era, the Modern Times. The Renaissance is a revolutionary period of history due to the far-reaching changes in art, politics, science and technology, as well as religion. During this period, art became more realistic, politics became based on merit, science and technology reached its
The Industrial Revolution became a defining transitional period in United States history. The Industrial Revolution created opportunities for society through, employment, higher pay and allowed for the meeting of many cultures. As a result of high employment opportunities, people flocked to the North and populated areas of the nation creating urban cities. Urban cities of the nation have not changed much since the Industrial Revolution; people are still drawn to the urban culture because of the variety in social and economic opportunities. The urban culture has allowed us to observe the interaction among various cultures and the development of the social class through time.
The Industrial Revolution is a technological phenomenon that still continues to this day, in the form of its fourth to fifth wave. Ever since the late 1700s, our society has evolved over nearly two and a half centuries, for better or for worse. However, most of the negatives then have disappeared into obscurity and the positives have only grown more and more. So while some might argue that Industrialization had primarily negative consequences for society because of child workers and the poor conditions, it was actually a good thing for society. Industrialization’s positive effects were the availability of goods, the advancements in technology and the new job market.
The Industrial Revolution began in England , spreading to the rest of Western Europe and the United States.The Industrial Revolution started from the early 1700s ,to the late 1800s. Advancements in technology produced the Industrial Revolution while advancements in science and medicine altered the lives of people living in the new Industrial cities .While it may be true that many inventions were created during this time ,it can be argued that the light bulb and dynamite had the greatest impact on society.
The Industrial Revolution that occurred in the late Nineteenth Century brought many new jobs that were drastically different to the jobs that previous Americans held. While agricultural jobs still existed and were vitally important to the sustainability of the American economy, the new factory jobs that opened up created many new work opportunities for Americans and immigrants who came from Europe. However, the problem with all these new industrial jobs was that they had very poor working conditions and the work hours were long and unfair. This along with the low wages made these jobs undesirable. Despite this, immigrant workers continued to work under these conditions because they had nowhere else to obtain work and quitting would make it almost impossible for them to find a job somewhere else with better working conditions and wages. The result of the low wages meant that many immigrants living on the East Coast of the United States lived below the poverty line. There was a fundamental problem with the working and living conditions the immigrants were experiencing. Two political organizations of this era sought to fix this problem with two contrasting methods. The Progressive Reformers were a political organization that sought out to set permanent fixes to these conditions and make it possible for the immigrants to be self-sustaining. On the other hand, the political machines, more specifically Tammany Hall of Manhattan, sought to make changes by directly helping the
America has been expanding and growing since its birth out of Great Britain. The Industrial Revolution has been an influence in the American life since it first in the 1700s. “Most families did not have enough to sell at the market- they had just enough for their own needs.” Up until the factories started booming and employment rates skyrocketed, people really couldn’t become wealthy and live a decent life. As the ways of farming grew the English at the time began to use up more and more land efficiently. “Unusable swamplands could be drained and used for crops.” That’s absolutely amazing that in this era they could turn swamps into areas to raise more crops so they can naturally make more money at the markets and become a bit wealthier. Farming is one of the most important lively hoods of mankind; no matter what argument anyone tries to make. If we didn’t have farming and agricultural production we wouldn’t have all the different sorts of food products we do, nor would they be as abundant. Life would be like it was before the Industrial Revolution came about and most of us would still be growing our own food and barely scraping by in life. With all this agricultural expansion of the time population in England start expanding drastically as well. Thanks to population growth people started to worry more about new inventions and producing stuff for us to make our day to day lives easier than we could have ever before. With all the technological advancements leading up to
Think about your life for one second: you communicate with people, travel, make purchases, and utilize those commodities. But have you ever wondered what made those things possible? After all, you go to the store to buy things you need. You drive a car to work and to visit your friends. If you need to talk to someone, you simply pick up your phone or computer. However, none of this would be possible without a means of communication, factories to manufacture the products you need, places to work, and ways to travel and transport goods. And what made these possible? The answer is the Industrial Revolution, which started in Europe around the year 1730. A revolution is a major change or turning point in something. The Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution in Europe changed Europe to this day. This began in the United Kingdom in the 1700s and expanded to Western Europe in the 1800s. During the Industrial Revolution, this provided new technology, a surplus of food, trading and different ways of producing goods for countries. The women and children in Europe had to work hard and work in the mills. They did this to give enough money for their family to live on. Politics also changed during the Industrial Revolution. Thus, the Industrial Revolution affected many people and to discover new technology and ways of thriving life.
The Industrial Revolution was the quintessence of capitalistic ideals; it bred controversy that led to Karl Marx’s idea of communism as a massive grass roots reaction to the revolution’s social abuses. Firstly, the Industrial Revolution featured the construction of machines, systems and factories that allowed goods to be manufactured at a faster rate with a lower cost. The seed drill made it so there could be “a semi-automated, controlled distribution and plantation of wheat seed”(Jones 2013). Secondly, there was a great social and economic divide between the wealthy owners and the poor workers, which gave rise to the mass’s vulnerability to the advent of extreme socialism. Figures of authority severely oppressed their employees by giving them insufficient pay, a treacherous work environment, and even making some children work more than 12 hours per day (Cranny 150). Finally, far right capitalism created a brutal boom and bust cycle of economics that made, for the multitude at the bottom, a perpetual nightmare of poverty and death. People responded to this social situation by taking part in violent protests; oppression sires rebellion. The Industrial Revolution was the chassis of great imagination and progress of political, economic, and social force that still affects this world today.
We are standing at the precipice of what some call the 4th Industrial Revolution. The 4th Industrial Revolution is being described as a technological revolution that will fundamentally alter the way we live, work, and relate to one another. We are rapidly moving to an era where billions of people will be connected by mobile devices with unprecedented processing power and storage capacity. Our access to knowledge will be unlimited.
Through the late 1700s and early 1800s, the period of Romanticism blossomed. “Romanticism” very loosely describes the era in which modern culture began to take shape. During the Romantic era, many advancements were made in all aspects of people’s lives and cultures. One aspect in particular has held great value even to this day. That aspect being the expansive amount of literature created during the era. The era of Romanticism had its name for a reason. It can be greatly attributed to the romantic style or genre of literature that defined the period. Romantic writers wove many tales of admiration, longing, and aspirations. They were fantastical, in a sense, and almost the antithesis of realism, even. Amidst the great breadth of literature
Romanticism came to be in the 18th and 19th centuries which emphasized the imagination and emotions of romanticism. Many people viewed this type of literature as the quality or state of being impractical or unrealistic meaning romantic feelings or ideas. During this time many poets were encouraged to express their true colors and individual uniqueness. The Romantic Era expanded all throughout the world, and reached poets such as Keats, Byron, Shelley, and Wordsworth.