Seattle's Stormwater Managment System

To address this issue, the U.S Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and NYS DEC have recently increased their attention to stormwater management. Explicitly requiring permits for municipalities in New York State that are located near urbanized areas, and have their storm sewer system separate from their sanitary sewer systems. Unlike municipalities with combined sewer systems, an MS4 discharges untreated stormwater directly into the nearest body of water. This type of system can be detrimental for numerous reasons and has ultimately resulted in the EPA’s creation of a federal regulation known as the Stormwater Phase II. It was published in the Federal Register on December 8, 1999 and has since effected every MS4 community in New York State (US EPA, 2005).

Beginning in the late 1990’s the city realized the importance of stormwater management and initiated the necessary steps to identify and minimalize the adverse effects of inadequate drainage infrastructure. Although the city had adopted stormwater regulations for new development, older developments and roadways in the city were not regulated prior to 1984 and many of those drainage systems

The primary goals and objectives of the City’s Stormwater Utility are to proactively maintain the existing stormwater infrastructure and identify the City’s future stormwater system needs and improvements that protect its natural resources, enhances the City’s aesthetics, ensures public safety and improves the quality of life for all who live in and visit our city. This can only be accomplished through partnerships with all city departments, regulatory agencies, developers and the public.

CH2M added storages to a number of subwatersheds in the tributary models to account for water that cannot enter the pipes, especially if the pipes are too small to carry the peak watershed runoff. Streams Tech will evaluate the need for such storages in other subwatersheds to ensure that no water is lost from the system.

John Snow’s findings in place, the Great Stink was the last factor that finally motivated the government to deal with their contaminated drinking water. Years later, another outbreak erupted. Farr, Radcliffe, and Whitehead referred to the now deceased physician’s theory of cholera. Farr was convinced that cholera originated in contaminated water, and he found out that the drainage system in the devastated part of the city was not in use yet. The outbreak of cholera on Broad Street and the iconic map thereafter helped to improve sanitation; the reputation of this famous, clean water, and the isolated cases that specifically fetched water from this pump, were a few factors that aided Snow in his conclusion that cholera came from the Broad Street well. Dr. Snow provided the theory, and Whitehead backed it with evidence. When the scientific mainstream came to accept the cholera theory of water, hygiene was significantly bettered in cities. Sanitary water supplies and waste-removal systems became the central infrastructure project of every industrialized city on the planet. These sewer lines and freshwater pipes made the modern city safe for new inventions and developments.

Nowadays, the most water pollution in Washington States comes from storm-water runoffs. Storm-water discharges are generated by runoff from land and impervious areas such as paved streets, parking lots, and building rooftops. During rainfall and snow events that often contain pollutants in quantities that could adversely affect water quality. Moreover, toxic chemical runoff from storm-water has an impact on organisms and human health. Therefore, this essay will focus on Puget Sound storm-water pollution, how they impact on living organisms, some solution of storm-water pollution, and why do we should care about of Puget

When work began to improve the Chesapeake Bay they needed to find the culprits of the bad water quality then get rid of them.

It was a design that made Memphis, an epitome of change, and was to revolutionize the design of sewer systems across the nation. However, the sewer system, like most of the other improvements that came about as a result of the government 's reforms, initially benefited only the business district and the wealthier neighborhoods of the city; it would be years before these innovations came to the neighborhoods of African-Americans, immigrants, and poor whites. After all, many of the debts owed by the old City of Memphis were owed to the wealthy elites who now, for all practical purposes, ruled Memphis, so improvements in other areas had to wait until the city 's debt was retired.

Storm water is a great danger to the environment because it does not receive any treatment before entering waterways. A storm can overload the system, causing it to reach its max capacity. The water treatment plant is then forced to let the overflowing, untreated, water dump into the river. This leads to an almost opaque water, like that found in the Puget Sound. There is an average of 900 billion gallons of untreated sewage water entering larger bodies of water each year in the United States (Barnett). The rain that falls on surfaces drains into bodies of water through storm water collection systems, usually, without treatment. There is a strong relationship between concrete thickness and imperviousness in residential areas, leading researchers to believe that roads create impervious surfaces. When rain down the streets and rooftops, it absorbs all the harmful materials from those surfaces and flows into the major bays and the Puget Sound. The Environmental Protection Agency estimates the remodeling of the aging water system would cost between $300 billion to $1 trillion over the next 20 years (Barnett).

One of the recurring problems at Howard County is the large quantities of stormwater runoff that flow into nearby streams. This is due to meteorological factors and physical characteristics including: land use changes. The more impervious surfaces there are the more surface runoff there will be; thus, placing adverse effects upon the environment. To be exact, these stormwater runoffs carry car oils, fertilizers, pet waste, litter, and sediment to the Chesapeake bay. Hence, 20% of the chesapeake bay’s pollution is due to stormwater runoff. However, not only does storm water contribute to pollution, but it also harms wildlife and its environment, as well as cause floods, erosion, and property damage. To address such issue, Howard Community College

. “California is home to one of the most extensive water supply systems in the nation.” The state’s water supply system consist of over 1,000 reservoirs, hundreds of groundwater basins and many local and regional water conveyance systems. It is a system that is quite remarkably engineered to say the least (California's Water: California Water Systems)

The freshwater that is available for use is becoming more contaminated with each use. The Clean Water Act of 1972 put in order more regulations in regards to wastewater and the dumping of it into rivers and lakes. Multiple-step filtration systems have been used since then to better remove toxins from wastes before it enters freshwater. In a personal interview with Moe Crabtree, Nature Resource Specialist for the Washington Department of Natural Resources, I learned some measures taken to keep water clean. Her common job is to setup timber sales which includes much precaution of rivers and streams. I asked her- “In what ways do you have to avoid water contamination?” she replied, “we have to divert culverts at minimum one hundred feet from

The Croton System has 12 reservoirs and three controlled lakes that are positioned in Westchester, Putnam and Duchess Counties. The newest Croton Reservoir

Both the play and the community events embody individuals who are unhappy and vulnerable, qualifying them as hysterical epidemics besmirches the reputation of otherwise innocent communities. Individuals who are hopeless in both The Crucible and Le Roy contribute to the hysteria. When Abigail confronts John Proctor about their affair, Abigail says, “I saw your face when she put me out, and you loved me then and you do now!” (Miller 22). This confrontation confirms that Abigail still has feelings for John Proctor, yet he does not feel the same way about her. This feeling of unrequited love and unhappiness is one of the main reasons for the start of the hysteria in Salem, since Abigail wanted revenge on the people in the town. This brings her to accuse innocent people of witchcraft and thus creates the epidemic, tarnishing Salem’s name and bringing ruin to the town. When Le Roy High School’s superintendent stood in front of a group of parents to answer questions, one parent in the audience began to shout, “’You need to prove to us it is safe for my daughter to be in this school…I’m done listening to you. You need to do something!” (Dominus 6). The helplessness in what this parent emphasizes that the parents of Le Roy have no idea how to deal with the hysteria occurring in the town. The hopelessness that is seen with her is displayed by all the parents of the town, since by the end of the article by Susan Dominus, the parents have tried every available solution with no

On June 11th, 1963, the world watched as the Buddhist monk, Thích Quảng Đức self-immolated in protest of the political oppression of the Diệm government in South Vietnam. In recent years, Buddhists in Tibet have also been engaging in self-immolation in order to protest the Chinese rule. Those who choose to self-immolate do so in an attempt at regaining control over a situation in which the individual or group has little to no power. Due to the extreme nature of this phenomenon, it is imperative to investigate how this violent act of protest corresponds with Buddhist teachings on non-violence. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that the act of self-immolation is not compatible with Buddhist teachings regarding non-violence. To accomplish this, the teachings of ahimsa will be analyzed, Subsequently, self-immolation will be applied to the four noble truths and the ways in which they contrast will be examined. Following, the way in which self-immolation contradicts the Buddhist teachings regarding the middle way will be explored.