Self Defeating Behaviour

When I was failing my reading class I tried to do as much as I possibly could. I went to tutoring to do missing work. Although, I only had a C in that class for like the entire year, that's all that matter to me because I was passing. I tried to turn things on time, which I mostly did expect when I was gone for the day. When I didn’t understand something I’d ask for help, which I had a big problem with asking for help in the beginning of the year because it made me feel dense. But now I know, it’s okay to ask for help because it doesn’t mean you’re dull it means you actually want to learn. I never really got over my fear of public speaking, but I have been working on it. Which I feel is better than not doing anything about my public speaking phobia. Instead of letting myself get a bad grade, I actually try to speak in front of the class, and I feel like I’ve a huge improvement doing

The people today are becoming increasingly known of the importance of the counseling needs of individuals whose behavior is self-injurious. The term 'self-injurious' has a deep meaning and "includes any self-destructive or self-defeating behavior used to express or communicate something that is otherwise perceived as unacceptable" (Stone & Sias 2003).

One of my self-defeating emotional patterns is that I worry that people stereotype me because of my race. I remember I had this emotional patterns a bit differently when I was in my own country, “IRAN”. When I was in Iran I worried that people stereotype me because of my religious beliefs. Since my religion was minority, many people don't like to hang out with me or in some cases they threaten me to change my religious beliefs or els. Although my fear was not unreasonable at the time,having this self-defeating emotional patterns crushed my self-esteem and stopped me to achieve my goals. After cogitating about the undesirable effects it can have on my life I start fighting this patterns. Unfortunately ever since I moved to the U.S I worry about

Throughout my life I have struggled when it came to the education system and learning itself. I have had highs and lows; I have been through several tutors, and have spent a lot of money in attempting to learn certain concepts and subjects. Although school has not come as easy to me as it does to others, I have not let that stop me from developing a mind of my own and self-educating myself. I never failed school, but I always struggled through most subjects. I would be the girl who tutors other students in Chemistry, but would then fail a test on the same subject matter that I just taught to the students I tutored. This took a toll on me mentally; it creates a sense of anger and a

Keeping in mind that identifying the variables that maintain problem behavior (reinforcement) is more affective for treatment selection (Mevers, Fisher, Kelley, and Fredrick, 2014), one common treatment for problem behavior is Noncontingent reinforcement. (Carr, Severston, & Lepper, 2009). NCR is used in combination with extinction for problem behavior and involves dense schedules of reinforcement that are decreased gradually (as cited in; Phillips, Iannaccone, Rooker, and Hagopian, 2017). The problem behavior may be replaced by an alternative behavior already existing in the individual repertoire, during NCR (Virues-Ortega, Iwata, Fahmie, and Harper, 2013). The American Psychological Association’s Division 12 criteria for empirically supported treatments established NCR and extinctions as an effective treatment for problem behavior (Chambless & Hollon, 1998). When the schedules of NCR are dense there is a reduction of the Motivating operation (MO) for problem behavior (as cited in; Phillips, Iannaccone, Rooker, and Hagopian, 2017). NCR is more effective when the same reinforcement maintaining the behavior (functional reinforcement) is used in the contingency instead of an alternative reinforcement (as cited in Phillips,iannaccone, Rooker, & Hagopian, 2017). Thus, the same reinforcement responsible for maintaining problem behavior should be used in an NCR contingency (Vollmer et al. 1993). In a study by Phillips, Iannaccone, Rooker, & Hagopian (2017), Non-contingent

Self defeating behaviours are present in every person on earth once they have developed enough and are able to copy, consequently our parents and siblings contribute In this essay I intend to describe what self defeating behaviours are, how they arise and describe how cognitive behaviour therapy and/or a person centred approach can be helpful in treating the client who presents for therapy to make changes to their lives.

In this essay I plan to describe and evaluate two approaches to the treatment of self defeating behaviour. I will do this by describing self defeating behaviour, including its origins, causes and maintenance and then I will proceed to describe two treatments that might be offered by a therapist working with this and how it would impact on the behaviour presenting itself.

There are many possible reasons why a person may engage in self-injurious behavior, ranging from biochemical to the social environment. The reason will be different for most children. According to. For example, if a child engages in wrist-biting and excessive self-scratching, there may be different a reason for each behavior (see Edelson, Taubman and Lovaas, 1983) also other challenging behaviors can co-occur with SIB, particularly in individuals with ASD (Banda, McAfee, & Hart, 2012; Kerth, Progar, & Morales, 2009; Rooker & Roscoe, 2005) and other developmental disabilities (Lerman, Iwata, Smith, & Vollmer, 1994; Pace, Iwata, Edwards, & McCosh, 1986; Smith, Iwata, Vollmer, & Pace, 1992). Another reason why an individual may engage in self-injurious behavior is to obtain an object or event (Durand 1986; Durand & Cremmins, 1988). Some individuals engage in self-injury to avoid or escape an 'aversive ' social encounter (Carr et al., 1976; Edelson et al., 1983).

Operant behavior may eventually fade off and possibly even stop if reinforcement is discontinued. This is an important concept to the clinical side of behavior because the problem behavior will eventually decrease in frequency, duration, and intensity. It is important for individuals running extinction to know that the process of the extinction of a problem behavior may have side effects which include the response burst, the response variation, aggression, emotional behavior, and spontaneous recovery (Vollmer & Athens, 2011).

I believe people always justify their behaviors. Whether it’s good or bad. It’s something everyone does. Butler states, “…is not to see whether it be right, but to find out reasons to justify or palliate it; palliate it, not to others, but to themselves.” People will always justify what they are doing or what they did. It’s not just for the crowd, but for themselves. It’s the biggest form of self-deceit. People do this to prove to themselves that they are better than they really are. All it is doing is harming themselves.

“Self-defeating behaviour is the idea that sometimes people knowingly do things that will cause them to fail or bring them trouble. It is defined as “any deliberate or intentional behaviour that has clear, definitely or probably negative effects on the self or on the self’s projects.” The concept of and theories behind why a person behaves in ways that are self-defeating is one that has been examined by many psychological approaches over time. In this essay I will define and explain self-defeating behaviours, their origins, causes and reasons for maintaining them, together with examples of such behaviours. Subsequently I will focus on two approaches to

A useful definition of self-harm is from Professor Keith Hawton (Hawton et al., 2006. p29). An act with a non-fatal outcome in which an individual deliberately did one or more of the following;

Results: Each responses were shown to be controlled by negative reinforcement in the form of escape from and

· “Rationalization: Creating a reason to excuse ourselves. “I wouldn’t have yelled at you if you hadn’t treated me so unfairly,” thereby justifying my yelling. Example: “I know that smoking isn’t good for my health, but it helps me relax,” thereby justifying my smoking.”

approach deals with the behavioral and emotional aspect of human thinking. Humans are complex there is no single way to help them stop the behavior.