Brashier, Hughes, and Cook pointed out there is a difference between lesbian and heterosexual couples. The want to measure the wellbeing, social support, and satisfaction of dual income couples that is either lesbian or heterosexual. There are not a lot of previous studies on this subject, but they found that heterosexual women tend to do all the household chores, while lesbian households divide the chores. Lesbian women experienced less conflict than heterosexual women. Friends are more important than family for lesbian couples, but it’s the other way around for heterosexual couples. The hypothesis for this is that lesbians who have dual incomes would experience greater domestic communication than heterosexual women in dual income …show more content…
To test work-family and family-work conflict, Netemeyer, Boles and McMurrian’s five item scales for each category was used and this scale asked certain set of questions and rated them from strongly agree to strongly disagree. To test domestic communication, the subjects were given Hawkins, Marshall, and Allen’s Orientation Toward Domestic Labor Questionnaire, it tests effective communication about domestic labor was used to determine fairness; it is rated from a scale from one to four. Higher scores indicated greater communication. There were one hundred and thirty two heterosexual women who returned the survey and 112 lesbian women participated but had a higher response rate. Women were surveyed from eleven different states. These states was Georgia, Ohio, New Jersey, Louisiana, Florida, Indiana, Illinois, Texas, California, Alabama and Washington. Most surveys were returned from the state of Georgia. The average age for heterosexual women was forty five and the average age for lesbian women was thirty seven. There were mostly white women who participated having eighty one percent for heterosexual and seventy nine percent for lesbian women. Heterosexual women had to be in a dual n income marriage where both spouses worked more than part time. Lesbian women had to been in a relationship for at least one year and both
In 2002, an estimated 4% of the U.S. population ages 18 to 44 identified themselves as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender.
Some women seek lesbian relationships because they want to reject this sort of powerless state they may feel in a heterosexual situation. Relationships between men to men and women to women hold several differences, but at the same time they share several similarities. Downing concludes the article by stating that there are both gay men and lesbians that dismiss the homosexuality myth, but it is crucial that they understand that the myth does hold a cultural vision on the power of gender and human selfhood. In order to get past the myth, we must understand to accept its existence.
The article “Can Working Family Work in America?” by Stephanie Coontz is about the issues that American working families face. The author discusses on the inequality that working families face in jobs including low to no benefits for workers including elders, unpaid leave, and vacations days. The author also shares solutions that can help fix the working family crisis and she seems to be knowledgeable about the topic and solutions that she is discussing.
This cultural and societal shift has set forth us to question more than just marriage equality. We are now faced with redefining roles and most importantly the power and control these roles possess. Who will be considered the ‘bread winner’ in a lesbian marriage? Who will now take the role of the stay at home mom in a gay marriage? And furthermore, when considering a lesbian marriage, who then will become a greater financial contributor to the economy to help in maintaining the capitalist machine? Even further, how will this effect the gender wage gap?
Jones observe (2002: 15). In these ways, institutionalized heterosexuality is central to some of the key motivation(s) behind and design of public policy frameworks in the United States. By “institutionalized heterosexuality” I am referring to the set of ideas, institutions and relationships that make the heterosexual family the societal norm, while rendering homosexual/queer families “abnormal” or “deviant” (Ingraham 1999). My queer analysis of social welfare involves examining how sexuality and gender can be rethought and reorganized in economic and social policy frameworks, theories and practices. Throughout the article I examine how heterosexuality is assumed to be the natural basis for defining the family, and by extension, society, both explicitly (by excluding LGBT people from the analysis and by stigmatizing certain individuals as “non-family” or “anti-family”) and implicitly (by assuming that all people are heterosexual, that marriage is a given and exists only between a traditionally-defined man and woman, and that all people fit more or less into traditional gender roles; see Foucault 1978; Fraser and Gordon 1994; Ingraham 1999; Phelan 2001;
The purpose of this essay is to give a clear understanding of gay and lesbian families. This essay will discuss relative information and problems of this client group focusing on the demographic, history, polices, issues faced by the group as well as relevant support groups and programs available. This essay will discuss these topics by drawing on existing published scholarly literature and relevant, credible published sources. The second part of this essay will be a reflection of an event that relates to the LGBTIQA Community. This reflection will discuss the event as well as thoughts and feeling of a participant in the event. For the purpose of this essay Gay and lesbian will be defined as “A person who is attracted primarily to members of the same sex. Although it can be used for any sex e.g. gay man, gay woman, gay person, “lesbian” is sometimes the preferred term for women who are attracted to women.” ("LGBT Terms and Definitions | International Spectrum", 2016).
This assumption was shown by lesbian couples disclosing their relationship from their families, which made relationship stronger than heterosexual relationships. Heterosexual relationships had their family and friends for support and made communication lines weak. Also, domestic roles were displayed in heterosexual relationship and women would become housewives. This caused communication problems in the heterosexual dual income because women made less to no money and this forced a power shift. The less money the person made in a heterosexual relationship the less power. Within, the lesbian relationships friendships were forty-three percent of their support system and family was thirteen percent. The results presented showed that two out of four hypothesis lesbian dual income couples had greater domestic communication. The two hypothesis that revealed this was domestic communication and career women the others did not show significant differences. Heterosexual dual income couples received less communication about domestic chores and less social support than lesbian dual income couples. Therefore, lesbian dual income couples focus on support of equality instead of segregation in more domestic heterosexual relationships. In order for participants in this experiment to qualify both spouse had to hold only a full-time job receiving income and also, be in a fully committed
This is quite an interesting article to someone like me who considered herself to be a lesbian woman and who has had several encounters with these “straight” women. The author’s main point in this article is the vast continuum in which women’s sexuality resides, but also the ways in which these women define what classifies one someone who is homosexual. Most conformed to binary categories heterosexual-homosexual, while one refused to conform to one or the other while also being uncomfortable with the bisexual label. A majority of these women also placed an emphasis on the physical act of sex with another woman to be the definitive action that would classify them as a lesbian. Since none of them had “gone all the way,” then two of the three women stated that they considered themselves heterosexual while the one, as mentioned above, refused to conform to a label.
There were couple limitations of the study. First, lesbian mothers’ response rate was higher than heterosexual parents’ because lesbian mothers’ curiosity in their parenting styles. Second, lesbian mothers’ had higher educational history compared to heterosexual parents. Finally, this study was conducted in Netherland where showed more tolerant attitude toward homosexuality. Dutch lesbian families’ daily life experiences might be significantly different with lesbian families’ from other countries.
The case study of Sara and Amy was selected to develop a counseling plan. This couple is in a lesbian and bi-racial relationship, Sara is Caucasian and in her early thirties and Amy is African American and in her late thirties. This couple has lived together for 1year and resides far away from both of their families of origin. Both are employed, however Sara recently lost a good paying corporate position and now maintains two lower paying jobs with longer hours. This couple is seeking counseling for Sara’s persistent lack of interest in sexual relations with her partner Amy. The purpose of this paper is to assess
In Julie Maroh’s book Blue is the Warmest Color, the author illustrates the life and reality of a young teen, Clementine, who is starting to notice her feelings for women, as a lesbian, and also coming out. Coming out is a process which begins when we first admit to ourselves that we are lesbian. By either acting on your true feelings or living the rest of your life a lie depends on when you admit to yourself. In this research paper I will be focusing on lesbian stereotypes, family views and how people are treated once they come out. Even in todays world, most women who are lesbian, choose to hide their sexuality behind dating or marrying a man. As well as hiding their sexuality from family and friends.
At first glance, it may be difficult to believe that race and class would play a significant role in the lesbian motherhood. However, as we have learned throughtout the course of this class, it is important to examine issues in light of these different factors because they do, in fact, play a significant
Families headed by gay and lesbian parents are just as diverse as families led by heterosexual couples (Thompson 36). The only difference in these families is
Social justice that is face among the LGBT is discrimination. Variations in family structures include single-parent families, step families, blended families, and intergenerational families. Lesbian, gay, and bisexual families experience a special risk of discrimination.A major problem gay people face is homophobia—an extreme and irrational fear of lesbian and gay people simply because they are lesbian and gay. LGB people are one of the primary groups at risk of discrimination and oppression (Kirst-Ashman, 2013).
The social science research that is routinely repeated does not actually speak on the subject questions of whether or not children need both a mother and a father at home. Instead proponents generally cite research that compares [heterosexual two-parent] families with single parents, this conflates the number with the gender of parents," the authors write. Indeed, there are far more similarities than differences among children of lesbian and heterosexual parents, according to the study. On average, two mothers tended to play with their children more, were less likely to use physical discipline, and were less likely to raise children with chauvinistic attitudes. Studies of gay male families are still limited. However, like two heterosexual parents, new parenthood among lesbians increased stress and conflict, exacerbated by general lack of legal recognition of commitment. Also, lesbian biological mothers typically assumed greater caregiving responsibility than their partners, reflecting inequities among heterosexual couples.