Shirley Graves Pediatrics

Being one of the first NPs in this role was a frightening experience for her, “ there were not preceptors in this area”, she states, so they had to create the role from the ground, not an easy task while taking care of highly acute patients.

After the discovery of substances such as, chloroform, ether,and nitrous oxide; surgeons could become increasingly more methodical and invasive. These substances rendered the patient unconscious, this allowed surgeons take their time and not rush. The discovery of these substances also created new job specialties for nurses. Nurses began to give anesthesia to the soldiers on the battlefield in the Civil War, and although surgery as a medical practice was starting to take shape in the gilded age, its use of crude methods reveal how far we have come and why this era was just the beginning for today’s progress. Medicine as a whole has changed drastically from the Gilded Age and the Roaring Twenties.

However, when her career as a nurse started, it was not in the maternity ward. It started in general care, where she witnessed first-hand the disparity in care between male and female patients.

An icon is a person who is humble, respected by many and admired for their skills and talents. Many have influenced the different branches of the medical field; an I-con who had influenced the practice of anesthesia is Claudia potter. Potter was born into a middle class family, her father was a farmer and her mother was a stay at home mom. However, She was an outcast compared to the rest of her family; she had one great ambition to become a doctor from a young age. She attended Denton high school and was elected valedictorian in her class. This opened so many doors for her one of which may that lead her to the University of Texas medical branch in Galveston, Texas. Potter, being the only female in her class of sixty-two to graduate, soon after received a job as anesthesiologist at Scott and White Memorial Hospital in 1906. As a female Claudia Potter opened many opportunities for not only herself but other women, which led to being honored for her accomplishments and findings, and had influenced the field and its future of anesthesia.

With change comes evolution. Most professions, specifically nurse anesthetist, as we know them today did not begin in the state they are in today. They grew through trial and error. Before revealing the history of this profession and most important, its leading pioneer, one must be familiar with the role of a nurse anesthetist. Nurse anesthetists, often confused with anesthesiologists, are nurses with baccalaureate degrees in nursing and master degrees in anesthesia who are responsible for administering anesthetics to patients preoperational. Contrary, anesthesiologists are physicians whose education requires a baccalaureate degree as well as medical schooling with special education in anesthesia. However, the anesthesia part of the education is very similar for both providers (KANA. 2011).

The role of the nurse anesthetist gradually developed as the demand increased for individuals who were highly and meticulously trained in anesthesia administration in an era where knowledge of germs, antisepsis and surgical interventions was emerging. During the 1800s, medical students were often responsible in the administration of anesthesia under the direct supervision of surgeons but the increased mortality rates in intraoperative patients suggested the need to reevaluate who would provide anesthesia. As a result of negative patient outcomes, surgeons turned to nurses, who served to be an adequate and reliable replacement. This trend proved to be catalytic in the movement of the nurse anesthetist.

Dr. Shirley Ann Jackson is a theoretical physicist and an African American inventor, she has made many advances in science. Jackson first became interested in science and math during her childhood and conducted experiments such as the eating habits of honeybees. She went to Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) where she got her bachelor, and doctoral degree, all being in physics. She became the first African-American woman to receive a Ph.D. from MIT. Dr. Jackson conducted important scientific research that helped others to invent the portable fax, touch tone telephone, solar cells, fiber optic cables, and the technology behind caller ID and call waiting. Jackson is currently the president of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, this is

One women that beat the odds, and did what no woman has done before was Elizabeth Blackwell.  “She was the first woman in the United States to receive a medical degree and she helped to break down prejudice against women in medicine” (Blackwell, Elizabeth). Elizabeth was born on February 3, 1821,

The history of nurse anesthesia cannot be accurately studied without a thorough analysis of the pioneer and transformational leader, Alice Magaw. Charles Mayo called her the Mother of Anesthesia for many good reasons (CRNA Profiles, n.d.). It is worthy of the student anesthetist’s time to study the life, education, employment, leadership, publications, and legacy of Alice Magaw.

(History of Nurse Anesthesia Practice. 2010, May), (Koch, E., Downey, P., Kelly, J. W., & Wilson, W. 2001).

Woolsey articulates, “‘these annoyances could not have been endured by the nurses but for the knowledge that they were pioneers, who were, if possibly, to gain standing ground for others-who must create the position they wished to occupy” . This excerpt exposes the true barrier between the sexes in the workplace. However, Woolsey brings up an important point- although women were treated at an unfair advantage, their persistence in the workplace paved the way for future women. Miss Bucklin recalls her first day entering the hospital thinking, “‘If any woman has done this, I can’” . Bucklin’s statement truly illuminates how one woman’s victory was a victory for all women; one female nurse or doctor inspired many more to enter the field of medicine regardless of gender

“changing face of medicine.” She also wrote many informing publications such as, The Scientific Method In Biology, and the, Human Element in Sex. All that she had accomplished created a new chapter in medical history where women become apart of the healthcare professions.

Dr. Audrey Evans, a now a retired pediatric oncologist, is known for developing and founding many treatment plans against neuroblastoma and as well as co-founding the Ronald McDonald house. Dr. Evans was born in 1925 in York, England, and would later attend medical school in Edinburgh, England. She graduated in 1950 at the age of 25 and following her graduation, she came to America. Here she studied pediatric care at the Children’s Hospital in Boston for two years and then at John Hopkins Hospital for another year. During her training, she was faced with much adversity, due to the fact that she was a female. During this time, most medical professions were predominately male careers, and she was made very clear about this when she arrived in America. Evans was faced with large amount of sexism during her time studying to become a doctor. For example, she was told that many of the positions for pediatric care would be filled by males and along with that she was given poor living conditions, completely separate from her male counterparts. However, all of these things lead her to the Children’s Hospital in Boston where she became a senior resident on the Oncology floor and worked under a man named, Dr. Sidney Farber. This is where Evans said, “She discovered her true passion: treating childhood cancer.”

She's Dr. Glorida Ladson-Billings pronation in University of Wisconsin about speech make an education about their new teaching with students. Because her want to be successful begin education include teacher and students make a learning. It's important to process with them because of the most together it is a explain clear understanding. How to learning about their students make a new change is social classrooms with culturally relevant teaching. For teacher will give a searching something about her want to support with studies. Because student will intelligent with teacher always give a teaching on the educational. Any kind of their levels is social class explaining to knowledge. We can get population education in school with children are

Margaret Irving Handy was a very important figure in children’s medicine in today's society. Handy was the first pediatric physician in the state of Delaware. In fact, she was so good at her job that she became chief of pediatrics. After she met with a woman whose child had died, She had decided to make a change in children's medicine. Handy had come up with the idea to make a Mother’s Milk bank in Delaware, where children would go to get breast milk and other health options if they couldn’t get any themselves. She received many rewards for this act. One of her greatest medals being the Josh Marvel Cup, for being the “most distinguished citizen of the year”.