Shooting a bow largely involves the use of the upper extremity. Between the needs of stabilization and torque, many muscles in the upper extremity are utilized to perform an effective shot. However, the lower extremity is also involved in bow shooting mechanics. Muscles in the lower extremity perform both concentric and eccentric contractions to stabilize the body during all phases of shooting a bow. Therefore, shooting a bow involves complex contractions of muscles throughout the body. In the next few pages the joints and the muscular involvement of the shoulder, elbow, and wrist during bow shooting will be discussed in depth.
As mentioned in the previous paragraph, the involvement of the upper extremity will be discussed in detail as it relates to its function in the action of shooting a bow. The shoulder plays a huge role in drawing the bow and keeping the string pulled back. The joints of the shoulder are vital when performing these actions. The joints involved include: the sternoclavicular joint,
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The prime movers in the left shoulder that move it back to its neutral position are the anterior deltoid and the bicep brachii. Concentric contractions followed by eccentric contractions of both of these muscles move the shoulder from extension and abduction to it neutral state by flexing and adducting the shoulder. The prime movers in the right shoulder are again the anterior and middle deltoid along with the supraspinatus that contract isometrically to keep the shoulder in horizontal abduction. When the right shoulder is let down after follow through, the prime movers are the triceps and the posterior deltoids which eccentrically contract to extend the shoulder to its neutral position. Therefore the muscles of the shoulder are exceedingly imperative to the action of shoot a
This was a problem because archers had to be able to aim and release their arrows quickly which meant it was hard to get good accuracy and consistency while shooting unless there was repeated practice. That was when in the 1960s Holless W. Allen created the first compound bow. “The compound bow has a leveling system that uses cables and pulleys to bend the limbs, these pulleys and cables were [called cams] placed on both sides of the bow,” (Facts About). This system allows for more energy to be stored in the limbs, this also allows for the arrow to be shot faster than with other types of bows. The cams on the bow also allow for less recoil and vibrations in the bow limbs which increases the accuracy of the archer.
Many different muscles and joints used in shot putting. The shoulder muscle and joints around it are very important in performing. As part of the humerus bone, the acromioclavicular joint and the glenohumeral jointwork together to inhibit shoulder movement. Specifically, the glenohumeral joint allows complete range of motion for the shoulder because it is technically the “ball and socket.” Therefore, the joints in the humerus part of the muscle help the athlete to have a steady and controlled throw. In addition, before the shot is released, the arm can helped be controlled by the joints in the shoulder. Muscles associated with the shoulder that provides mobility and strength to the shoulder joints are the rotator cuff muscles. The rotator cuff muscles actually hold the ball in the socket. Without the rotator cuff muscles, the muscles joints would not function properly. They are important for providing strength to the shoulder as the athlete performs. When the athlete has the shot at its initial point, the rotator cuff muscles will move as the athlete prepares to throw (Shoulder).
The supraspinatus muscle is the initial muscle for this movement during the first 15 degrees of its arc and past 15 degrees, the deltoid muscle becomes increasingly more effective at abducting the arm. The supraspinatus muscle is one of the musculotendinous support structures called the rotator cuff that surrounds the shoulder. In addition, it also helps to stabilize the shoulder joint by keeping the head of humerus firmly pressed medially against the glenoid fossa of the scapula. The most common form of injury in the shoulder is rotator cuff tendonitis. It involves the tendon of the supraspinatus muscle, which attaches to the upper portion of the upper portion of the humerus at the shoulder joint. Less commonly, the tendon of the infraspinatus
The shoulder is a ball and socket joint which allows it a flexion and extension motion.
The shoulder joint is the most mobile joint of the body moving in three planes and around three axes (Lippert, 2011). The shoulder joint is made up of a synovial ball and socket articulation between the large head of the humerus, and the small glenoid cavity of the scapula, making it one of the least stable joints and more prone to injuries (Lippert, 2011). The stability of this joint highly relies on its ligaments, tendons, glenoid labrum and its muscles (Lippert, 2011). Although these structures maintain the stability of the shoulder joint, it is prone to many injuries and pathologies such as a labral tear.
As mentioned by Wilk and Leonard4 it has been found most shoulder lesions can be rehabilitated conservative without requiring operation.4 Furthermore, it can be speculated that rehabilitation after a required surgery is critical to return the patients to their functional goals. Additionally, a concrete designed rehabilitation program to increase the range of motion, strength, endurance while increasing the stability of the shoulder is a determinant factor as seen in athletes.4
The shoulder joint is also know as the glenohumeral joint is a “ball and socket” between the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula bone(shoulder blade). The six main movements of the shoulders are: flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal rotation and external rotation. Flexion is when the upper arm is elevated forward toward the face. Extension is when the arm moves backward behind the plane of the body. Abduction is when the arm moves up and out to the side away from the body. Adduction is when the arm is pulled in towards the side of
Target archers also experience less mechanical failure, more efficiency, and greater accuracy than ever before. These shooters compete worldwide from the Olympics to medal competitions and actual paid professional target shooter organizations. The increase in archery’s popularity has led to a booming growth in competitive adult archers and
Bowling makes use of the following muscles/muscle groups: biceps, pectorals, rotator cuff muscles, and the deltoid
The patient is asked to lay supine turning his head to the opposite side and slightly elevated to make the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle prominent. Behind the sternocleidomastoid the scalenus anterior muscle is palpated, over which the fingers are moved laterally into the interscalene groove, which is formed by the scalenus anterior and medius muscles. Interscalene groove runs posterior and laterally from the sternocleidomastoid muscle in a slightly
Outdoor Life states, “A longer power stroke means that the peak draw weight must be held over a longer distance as the bow is drawn”(Outdoor Life). This shows that we need to think about how big or how small your power stroke is , and that depends on how much weight we can hold and how long we can hold it. The people from QDMA talk about how the arrow can change the way our bow shoots. With heavier arrows it allows us to shoot further with more accuracy. That Heavier arrow will also be quieter and make it less likely to be affected by the weather(QDMA). When we are thinking about stabilization we need to think about split limbs. These types of limbs allow our bow to be more stabilized and therefore helping with our shot(Hoyt). These were some helpful tips for shooting our
Musculoskeletal injury is an all too common occurrence in the work place. In 1991, it was estimated that over 19 million U.S. workers were affected annually by work related injuries. As for these injuries, this paper will serve to briefly examine musculoskeletal injury of the shoulder and how they occur in the work place.
One of the most common injuries among athletes is found to be in the shoulder region, which entails the shoulder joint and the shoulder girdle. The shoulder joint, is commonly referred to as the glenohumeral joint (ball and socket joint consisting of the ball/end of the humerus bone that sits in the socket of the shoulder). The overall shoulder region also entails the shoulder girdle (the scapula/shoulder blade), and clavicle (collar bone). The shoulder joint is predominantly vulnerable to injury because the large range of movement that it is capable of and the relatively small joint surfaces. In turn, this means that the joint itself is much less stable and therefore requires a number of sturdy muscles, ligaments, and tendons and to maintain the stability.
Strapping has the theoretical advantages in reducing glenohumeral subluxation (GHS) and preserving range of motion (ROM) of the shoulder joint. There is different strapping technique that claims to reduce shoulder subluxation at the same time allowing upper arm to move actively and passively. According to Hanger et al. (2000), strapping of the hemiplegic shoulder is used as a method for preventing or reducing shoulder subluxation and may provide a certain level of sensory stimulation. It also stabilise glenohumeral joint, support surrounding musculature and decrease inflammation. Current understandings described that strapping has potential to reduce pain, increase range of motion (Griffin & Bernhart, 2006) and long-terms effects
` When the shoulder is working and in motion, the macroscopic view of the shoulder stays the exact same way, the muscles, tendons and bones identical to the shoulder in place. Microscopically, nothing changes either, as the tendons and muscles are still dense and still formed the same as they were stationary.