The research question for the research conducted is, does being undocumented immigrant in the United States affect the level of educational achievement? It is hypothesized that undocumented immigrants in the United States have low educational achievement. It is also hypothesized that immigrants that have low educational achievement will then have low income compared to those that have completed a higher level of education.
The variables used throughout this section along with their codes is as follows:
1. Sex- Sex
2. School Years Completed- EDYRS
3. Household Head Income or wages- HHINCOME
4. Wage for Last Formal Job in Mexico- LDOWage
5. Last US Migration Documentation Used -USDOCL
The t-test for this research is U.S Documentation
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When comparing the level of school years completed with the last documentation received, those who were legally documented (N=8318), and illegal population (N=15591), a significant relation was found t (23907) = 11.78 (0.04). The level of school years completed has a significant relationship with documentation status (see appendix E), therefore we reject the null hypotheses. Then comparing the level of school years completed with the sex, female (N=69360) and male (N=67406), another significant relation was found t (136764) = 6.62 (0.15). The level of school years completed has a relationship with sex (see appendix F). Therefore, we reject the null hypotheses. A one-way between subjects’ ANOVA was conducted to compare the effect of last wage in Mexico on years of education completed in 0 years, 1-6 years and 7-12 years’ conditions. There was a significant effect found between wages in Mexico and education years completed at the p<.05 level for the three conditions [F(2,12298)=16.28, p=0.000]. Post hoc comparisons using the Tukey HSD test indicated that the mean score for the no school years’ condition (M= -107.31, SD= 235.97) was not significantly different than the 1 to 6 years of school years completed condition (M=107.311, SD= 235.97). However, the more than 7 years of school completion condition significantly differed from the no school years completed or less than 6 years (M= 805.52, SD= 241.54). Another one-way between
Douglas S. Masey stated in his article that “the usage rate for food stamps and welfare among illegal immigrants has remained as low as three percent to four percent over the past two decades but the percentage of illegal immigrants sending their children to public schools fell from 12 percent during 1987-1992 to just 7 percent for the years 1997-2002.” (Para, 6) Illegal immigrants make up the unskilled sector of the population and work mainly in the agricultural, construction and service industry.
Undocumented students have a harder time trying to pursue a higher education; this is due to the fact that they cannot receive federal aid. College is like a safe haven for these undocumented students. Higher education gives undocumented students the opportunity to better themselves as individuals. Higher education also allows undocumented students to pursue a better life for themselves and for their family. Every year over 65,000 undocumented students graduate from high school in the United States (Gray). Experts estimate that fewer than 6,500 of those undocumented students actually go on to attend college (Sheehy). One reason for why the amount is so low is because college is expensive for these undocumented students. Undocumented students are unable to achieve any of these goals, that is, unless they receive federal aid. It is sad to see undocumented students give up on their dream to attend college and get a higher education.
This paper exposes the urgency to implement an immigration reform that would eliminate educational and occupational barriers to millions of undocumented students that want to pursue a postsecondary education. The information in this research examines the impact undocumented students may have in society and the economy of this country. There are thousands of undocumented students that graduate high school every year and have no opportunities to pursue a higher education degree, thus increasing the chances of poverty in this country, increase in unemployment and a serious negative shift in the economy. Given the increase role
Undocumented students are becoming a growing outrage in the United States. It has been a constant battle amongst the students, the schools, and the Government. According to collegeboard.com, statistics shows that 65,000 undocumented students graduate from U.S. high schools each year (collegeboard.com).After graduating high school they face legal and financial barriers to higher education. This paper will address the importance of this growing outrage and discuss the following that corresponds to it.
Undocumented immigrants make up a good percentage of the workforce, although they have a high rate they earn half the average California income. Throughout chapter 2, Gonzales analyzes two different groups, one is the early exiters, and the others are college-goers. Early exiters are those individuals who were not able to complete school, and the college-goers were those who went to college. He began to follow these two groups and studied every aspect of them from personal and social being to how their legal status affected them. School experiences help to shape people’s lives and determines what their future will look. The school experience differs for both early exiters and college-goers, a vast amount of college-goers attended a community college or university earning a degree other than high school diploma. On the other hand, the early exiters is lower due to having to work to keep up with paying expenses and having to take care of their families.
As of recently, immigration has come to the forefront of political issues in the United States. There are two main sectors of immigration that our government highlights as problem areas: undocumented immigration and immigration from the Middle East. The number one issue brought up when discussing undocumented immigration is its effect on the economy. There is a plethora of rhetoric that we hear and see in our society telling us that immigrants steal our jobs and destroy our economy. When confronted with this prospect, there is one obvious question: Is it true that undocumented immigrants really hurt our economy? This question has various components that need to be researched in
Nevertheless, it is not only imperative to outline that between 2009 and 2014 the number of illegal immigrants decreased in Kansas, Georgia, Alabama, Illinois, South Carolina, California as well as Nevada, but also vital to note that these reductions are alleged to the reduced number of unauthorized Mexican immigrants. As opposed to the small number (41 percent) of immigrants who had lived in America for more than ten years in the US by 2005, the figure had risen significantly to a wobbling 66 percent by 2014. Nevertheless, those who have lived in the country illegally for less than five years are declining in number steadily, having been estimated at barely 14 percent in 2014 (Krogstad and Passel 17). While the illegal immigrants could be considered as both credible and dependable because of the benefits they bring to the US, on the contrary, it is critical to comprehend the unintended consequences that translate into tangible problems like increased competition for the limited unskilled job opportunities, increased pressure on the economy by using free social services including healthcare, social security, and education as well as the growing crime rate perpetuated by unauthorized citizens in the
The purpose of this paper is to show that undocumented immigrant population has been decreasing in America. Immigration especially undocumented immigration has been a political issue over the years. The author Robert Warren, served as a demographer for thirty-four years with United States Bureau and former Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS). He has written and contributed to many other reports dealing with immigration and unauthorized immigration. In his paper he shows different graphs and charts to support statistics and facts. A major finding in Warren paper is that the undocumented population of the majority of US states declined after 2008; however, 11 states reached their maximum population in 2014, including Texas. Another major
The economic stress is also experienced by the children, where they began to pick up more responsibility in the household which can interfere with their school activities. Family relationships also become strained with the deportation of a parent. Derby (2012) also found that “the threat of deportability affected them profoundly”, causing the children stress and worry. This was applicable to U.S citizens as well as undocumented children. This caused children to worry about what to share about their private lives with the fear of people finding out about their parents undocumented status. This also caused conflicts with the child’s self of identity given that some stated to be “proud that either they or their parents were from Mexico, [but] few felt proud that they or their parents were immigrants”(Derby, 2012). It was interesting that parents believed their children didn’t understand legality, which the interviews with children “suggested that young children are aware that there are social differences based on legal status at very young ages even if this was difficult for them to articulate” (Derby,
Unauthorized Immigrant Workforce Stable After the Great Recession” by Pew Research center addresses the reasons behind the decline and stabilization of the unauthorized immigrant workforce. Through the use of statistics and data the author proves his claims. Passel does this to show the decrease of the immigrant workforce in the U.S after the recession. Passel writes,” Compared with their sizes at the start of the recession in 2007, the unauthorized immigrant workforce was slightly smaller in 2014 and the overall unauthorized immigrant population was markedly smaller”(Passel). This article helps to show the current size and rates of growth for the Unauthorized Migrant workforce in the U.S and the effects it has on the economy and the labor force. This article only highlights one of the many effects the Undocumented Migrants have on the
My research topic is Hmong parents have lower expectation for their children with disabilities compared to children without disabilities. My hypothesis is do Hmong children with disabilities receive lower expectation from their parents than his or her siblings without disabilities in terms of education or in life? My theory is that Hmong parents have lower expectation for their children with disabilities compared to children without disabilities through various research studies available. From the research studies that I found, Hmong parents do have lower expectation for their children with disabilities compared to children without disabilities. Specifically educational goal, some parents reported to have no educational goal for their children
Approximately 11 million undocumented immigrants are currently living in the U.S., an estimated 2.3 million undocumented students are in the U.S. K-12 system and yet only an estimated 65,000 graduate from high school (Jauregui, Slate, & Stallone Brown, 2008; Diaz-Strong, Gomez, Luna-Duarte, & Meiners, 2011). Of those 65,000 students, only 5-10% will go on to pursue any kind of postsecondary degree (Herrera, Garibay, Garcia, & Johnston, 2013). The issues and implications of these numbers clearly frame two issues surrounding access policy for postsecondary attainment: how can institutions of higher education assist this student population and can institutions of higher education ethically serve this population. These are issues that directly affect access to higher education for this population, as well as choice of institution to attend.
The rise in K-12 students with at least one parent who is an unauthorized immigrant contrasts with the total number of unauthorized immigrants, which has remained stable since 2009. Before 2009, the trends had been similar, with both groups rising in number from 1995 to 2007 (the year the recession began), then declining to a lower level in
This paper will examine a data analysis and application for an independent t test comparing the mean GPAs of a sample of male and female students. It will pose a research question that the data will set out to answer. It will provide a null hypothesis and an alternative hypothesis, and will provide an analysis showing why the null hypothesis should be accepted or rejected in favor of the alternative hypothesis.
As we can see, the Null Hypothesis can be rejected and thus the Alternative Hypothesis, namely that there is a significant relationship between the high school graduates and the fertility rate can be accepted. This however does not mean that there is a cause-and-effect relationship between x (number of high school graduates) and y (fertility rate). Furthermore, the