The authors, Mark Wigley and Elizabeth Honig, each address the common theme of gender and space, especially the domestic interior of the home. Although both authors discuss these conjunct ideas of sexuality and domesticity, Honig’s arguments and perspectives are a departure from the canonical arguments manifested in Wigley’s article. In his article, Wigley establishes the normative view of space and gender, especially practiced in southern Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries, particularly in Renaissance Italy. However, Honig updates this ancient thread of misogynistic writing by situating the topic further north in the Netherlands, where Dutch genre painting prevailed. In the reading titled Untitled: “The Housing of Gender”, Wigley’s argument is divided into three components. The first component of his argument is the notion that architectural space, or more specifically the “private” house, is more than …show more content…
The home is actually a major “mechanism for the domestication of … women” as substantiated by the esteemed Leon Baptista Alberti (Wigley 332). Alberti writes in his 15th century treatise on Architecture, that the ancient Greeks rightfully confined women within the private sphere of the home where the women are deeply distanced from public association and men are granted the freedom to network publicly outside and the additional defeminized space of the study. These sexual assertions emanated from misogynistic literature expressing the physical and mental inferiority of undisciplined women as a means to justify domesticating women. The second component of Wigley’s argument is the concept of domestic architecture as a metaphor for femininity. He explains that the house itself is “a domesticated woman”. Just
"Throughout much of early American history, men and women were thought of as inhabiting different spheres. According to this philosophy, men spent most their time and energy outside the home. They worked, transacted financial affairs, participated in political matters, and concerned themselves with the world at large. Women, however, were expected to devote themselves to the domestic spheres--not only performing household chores but also imparting morals and virtues to their children and making home a peaceful sanctuary for their husbands. Many Americans believed that this distinct separation and balancing of gender roles was essential to the harmonious functioning of society." (Bender 46) The "home is [woman's] appropriate and appointed sphere of action." (Bender 46) This philosophy, that was predominant throughout colonial and post-Revolutionary America, isolated women from having outside occupations as well as the pursuit of political opportunities, and most
The article “The Approaching Obsolescence of Housework: A Working-Class Perspective” by Angela Davis addresses on the liberation of women from their socially regarded functions in society. She explores the idea of capitalist critique and feminism, and she argues that housework is annoying as much as it is disempowering women in the society and women need to be released and discharged from these duties (Angela, 2011). Angela's unique perspective on women's roles as housewives and history of house works gives us a clear perspective on the plight of women in society. The article shares a different perspective to the traditional view of women as housewives in the community. Instead of judging women on their femininity and history of their work
Many of people today feel trapped inside their homes, just how the women of Pre-Industrial Europe felt. Working day in and day out inside the homes, just to keep the family together, and make a little money on the side, these women were an integral part of Pre-Industrial families. Not only were the women important to Pre-Industrial European families, but so were the households. Much of the money was made in the households, and this is where families either succeeded or failed. The household and women of Pre-Industrial Europe played an integral role in the economy of the families, and more importantly, the women of these households kept them running
The Courtier, originally written as a “courtesy book”, can now be considered to provide significant insight into the norms and practices associated with courtship and gender during the Renaissance era. The book’s third volume is a particularly insightful window into 16th century romantic ideals. Throughout Book Three, Baldassare Castiglione builds an elaborate perspective on what makes the perfect court lady, what sexual and social behavior is acceptable, and how an ideal couple (both courtier and court lady) should function.
‘Women Are Household Slaves’ is written by Edith M. Stern for a magazine in 1949. Edith M. Stern is a college-educated writer living in Washington, D.C. Due to the assumption that women lived queenly lives of domestic bliss by most Americans, Stern use her writing to describe about household bondage which express the frustrations and the aspirations of many American women. Moreover, she wanted us to know how housewives are being treated in the reality, how heavy the duty of the housewives have. She had used a really interesting analogy of the role of the housewife to that of the president of a corporation who would not only determine policies and make over-all plan, but also spend the major part of his time and energy to in such activities as sweeping the plant and oiling machines as well.
The Cult of Domesticity is an ideology that women and men have separate spheres. As time progresses spheres change but it is the
Catalina de Erauso’s memoir, Lieutenant Nun: Memoir of a Basque Transvestite in the New World, depicts gender relations in the early 17th century Spain. Erauso, through her detailed narrative of personal encounters with transvestism, reveals significant implications of the roles and expectations of the gender binary during this era. Her memoir evidently portrays gender binaries in dress, emotion, and interaction within society as she describes aspects of her journey from the perspective of both a woman and man. The male gender exhibits idealized masculine qualities, such as being violent and spontaneous, and the female gender exhibits idealized feminine qualities, such as emotional suppression and tranquility. Erauso expresses the distinct
Society has told us for the last hundreds of years that the woman’s job around the house as shown in Figure 1 is to cook, clean, and take care of the family. One man, Tom Junod, who
While some objects are evident in all of the rooms, there are other objects that are exclusive to certain rooms for the reason that it provides comfort and contentment to a singular person only. Similar to the example that Kron provided regarding TV sets, each family member in our home has a TV set of their own in order to not be prevented from watching anything that pleases us and to avoid conflicts. In my mother’s room, the first thing that attracts attention is the big vanity with the multiple lights, makeup and expensive perfume bottles that are all set and organized. Correspondingly, it is predictable for Middle Eastern women who are disciplined by the dominant ideologies to not only strive to look beautiful, but to fall in love with that process until it becomes a part of them. According to Michel Foucault’s claims in Panopticism, women in a way become docile bodies that ensure the maintenance of that human order (207). In addition, the bookshelves and the tremendous amount of books are the central theme of my room. The classic design of my room and the fairy lights above my bed creates an almost a safe haven where I could curl myself under the blankets for hours and just read. Moreover, the treadmill in my brother’s bedroom cannot be ignored when entering his room. This depicts his choice of a healthy lifestyle in a country where it is almost
In the book The Prehistory of Home Jerry Moore discusses the importance that home structures have had for humans over time in different places of the world. He says that “In addition to their basic and fundamental function of providing shelter from natural elements, dwellings are powerful and complex concentrates of human existence… our dwellings reflect and shape our lives” (Moore, 3). He believes that homes are representations of the existence of individual humans as well as their surroundings. Jerry Moore is successful in explaining the importance of home in archaeology throughout history with colorful examples as well as a comparison of the importance of the home in the past to the importance of the home in the future.
Whether it is the past or the present, there have always been gender roles in society. In most homes, it is the woman’s responsibility to take care of the house. This includes cleaning, meal preparations, raising and taking care of the children as well as the husband. Compared to the men who take care of the more physical activities, such as yard work. It was known throughout many years that it was a woman’s responsibility to stay in the house while the man would go out and look for work to provide money for his family. Although the intensity of gender roles has changed, it still exists.
The resilience of women and the hardship of men were prominent during this time. However, women were still deeply grounded in their home life (Bolin, 74). Particularly women from middle-income families were left with job of being able to balance work and home life (Bolin, 74). Being a caregiver and taking care of the domestic needs of the home was very important. During this time tradition values were deeply routed in the home. Women made sure not let their home life consume them because their may focus was being a good wife and mother. This is a trend that has made its way even in today’s society. “Even now lack of adequate day-care (necessitating private baby-sitting service), low paying jobs for women, and the growth of technologies that open the door to and “electronic cottage industry”, indicate that women’s home production is a mutable but perhaps permanent response to women’s economic and social inequality under capitalism” (Hollingsworth, & Tyyska). The oppression in the past is shown to have made and imprint on society even to this day. Even though
A house is not a home if no one lives there. During the nineteenth century, the same could be said about a woman concerning her role within both society and marriage. The ideology of the Cult of Domesticity, especially prevalent during the late 1800’s, emphasized the notion that a woman’s role falls within the domestic sphere and that females must act in submission to males. One of the expected jobs of a woman included bearing children, despite the fact that new mothers frequently experienced post-partum depression. If a woman were sterile, her purposefulness diminished. While the Cult of Domesticity intended to create obliging and competent wives, women frequently reported feeling trapped or imprisoned within the home and within societal
The Renaissance was an extraordinary period because during this era, there is various creativity and logical events happened that helped humanism in many ways. One influential event that caught my attention during this era was Baldassarre Castiglione’s work, “The book of the Courtier”. This book helped the Renaissance period to look at different angles of life especially the role of men and women in our society. In the book, it explained about the “behavior expectations of the courtier and what his lady should do to lend a hand to her companion” (1).
To begin, the protagonists Elizabeth Bennet and Margaret Hale gain personal triumphs by rejecting traditional social confines in their relationships, in society, and in their own personal fulfillment. Firstly, the characters gain personal success when they ascend the traditional social constructs in their relationships. In the novel, Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen, the strong female protagonist Elizabeth Bennet rejects the marriage proposal of Mr. Collins, the heir to the entailed Bennet estate, and clergyman for the estate of Lady Catherine de Bourgh. When Elizabeth refuses Mr. Collins proposal he is (put into a stupor/aghast) and cannot accept it so she tells him, “I do assure you sir that I have no pretensions whatever to that kind of elegance which consists in