Simvastatin

8.Liver Function Test: To assess the liver enzyme level especially ALT( hepatic transaminase)level due to side effects of statin therapy.

She is currently on a regimen of garlic and ezetimibe 10mg which is ineffectively treating or dyslipidemia. Ezetimibe which works by inhibiting absorption of cholesterol may only lower LDL by 10% and must be discontinued and replaced with another medication for M.T. (American Association of Clinical Endocrinologist (AACE), 2017). M.T. will be assessed for liver function, renal function and potential history of family intolerance to statins. With no possible complications assessed, M.T. will be prescribed pravastatin 40mg once daily in the evening. She will be instructed to take the medication in the evening for optimum effect and to be aware of possible side effects include GI upset and muscular pain (AACE, 2017). Pravastatin will be used secondary to an increased risk of new onset diabetes with the use of statins and is less common with the use of pravastatin (AACE,

Patient has a CVD (cardiovascular disease); can be exacerbated by having high cholesterol (could be the cause of his angina). Therefore, atorvastatin 80 mg was initiated for secondary prevention of CV

J.J. explained her atorvastatin calcium medication is used for treating her high cholesterol. Atorvastatin calcium is an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, therefore meaning it lower lipids (fats) in the body (MedlinePlus, 2018). Atorvastatin calcium works by lowering high cholesterol levels (MedlinePlus, 2018). Atorvastatin calcium

Statins (also known as 3-hydroxy-3-methylgutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors) are widely prescribed cholesterol-lowering drugs for the treatment of dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease. Although they are considered to be drugs with a very good safety profile, there are many concerns that their adverse effects might compromise their proven beneficial effects due to their extensive usage.

In the present scenario people are aware of the side effects of drugs about the contraindications include the use of blood thinners. That is the reason why they are turning towards natural methods to cure their body ailments. In order to lower the cholesterol naturally, you have to change your diet and lifestyle to reduce the risk of blood clotting. Health science studies have shown prominent results after the change in diet and lifestyle. Power foods which will help you in lowering the cholesterol are excellent for those people who have experienced this problem in the past and even for those who have never experienced a blood clot.

Heterozygous FH patients are treated with statin medications that inhibit an enzyme responsible for the production of cholesterol. Statins are usually given to a patient in a combination with one or more other drugs. For example, ezetimibe, bile acid binding resins, and niacin are potential drugs that would be combined. Bouhairie claims this treatment works very well in

Joseph is a 39-year-old male who suffers from pure hypercholesterolemia (E78.0), along with hypertension, mild cardiomyopathy, non-sustained ventricular tachycardia and abnormal liver function. His most recent lab reports his cholesterol at 248, triglycerides 150, HDL 48, LDL 170. Joseph has tried and failed various treatments including liptor and zetia, with his cholesterol levels being sub-optimally controlled. Your reason for denial was due to his diagnosis. Repatha is not a statin, but works differently as a PCSK9 inhibitor that targets a protein in the liver called proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9, or PCSK9. By reducing the amount of PCSK9 in the body, PCSK9 inhibitors allows the body to remove cholesterol more efficiently.

Statins work by acting as a competitive inhibitor and competing for the binding pocket of the substrate HMG-CoA. This then causes a decrease in production of L-mevalonate, which then causes a decrease in the amount of cholesterol being produced. The decrease in cholesterol causes liver cells to signal for an up regulation of the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors. This will then lead to an improved clearance of LDL-cholesterol from the

Empagliflozin has been shown to result in weight loss, reduce blood pressure without increasing heart rate, favorable effects on markers of arterial stiffness and vascular resistance and visceral adiposity. Empagliflozin has also been associated with an increase in both LDL and HDL cholesterol. These surrogate markers

Cholesterol synthesis occurs within the cells. The biosynthetic processes can be blocked by the use of a special inhibitor to the enzyme that drives this reactions. This is achieved by the use of a drug that inhibits one or more of the enzymes of cholesterol synthesis. The only challenge is that many enzymes are involved in the process. Hence, specific targeting of the enzymes catalyzing the rate limiting steps is important as an overall step. The rate limiting steps relies on other factors and effects generated at this step would adversely influence the biosynthetic processes of the cholesterol synthesis. Therefore, the rate limiting step is the most effective inhibition of the biosynthetic pathway. One of the enzyme that catalyze the rate

Inhibit the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase the first committed enzyme of the mevalonate pathway which plays a central role in the production of cholesterol.

The statins are competitive inhibitors of the natural substrates for the active sites to the Enzyme HMGR. Unlike the natural substrates, they do not need enzyme catalyzed reactions and have potential of binding to the active sites more strongly. This is affected by both the polar head and hydrophobic moieties which are important to the action of statins. All the statins have the same polar head group and it is this groups which enable the statins to mimic the natural substrates (HMG-SCoA).

Thirteen years ago, cholesterol-lowering drugs called statins were introduced as a treatment for people with heart disease. In the relatively short amount of time the drug has been available, it has been prescribed to nearly five million people. Originally, statins were introduced to prevent heart attacks and prolong the lives of people with existing heart disease or with a history of heart disease. Recently, however, studies have shown that statins are not only useful for the treatment of heart disease, but are also useful in the lowering of cholesterol levels.

Despite their popularity, statins are often unable to effectively reduce low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, particularly in patients at high cardiovascular risk (3). There is also a large population of patients unable to tolerate statins in need of an alternative therapy to help them reach their cholesterol goals (3). A target for therapies aiming to reduce LDL-cholesterol levels in patients of cardiovascular risk is proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) (2). PCSK9 binds to the epidermal growth factor-like domain of LDL receptors on the surface of hepatocyte and targets the receptor for lysosomal degradation (2) In the absence of PCSK9, the LDL receptor will be recycled at the plasma membrane increasing the ability of