Soaps and Detergents By: Nicole Renzi Chemistry 102 Laboratory Section 24, Project 17 final lab report Instructor: Fan Yang February 27th 2012

In experiment A, I accept my hypothesis that oil, vinegar, and laundry detergent contaminates the water’s texture, context, and appearance that create a disruption in the water cycle, nutrient, and chemicals that effect an ecosystem by disrupting the tropic levels which is essential for survival in living and nonliving organism based on the observation to the solution’s content and the filtration process in experiment A that is noted in Table A. The results in beaker 2 & 8 in Table A display by observation disruption in texture, color, and odor from pollutant like oil, vinegar, and laundry detergent. The results of oil in beakers 2 & 6 of Table A display a thick textured liquid with easy mobility, without sound, slight foul smell, tinted yellow, and no debris in content. However, content separates and remains indissoluble with a thick layer of 10 ml at the surface that’s noted by the observations. Therefore, water vaporization is effected by the 10 mL surface layer of oil. Water vapor influences climate and water cycle that’s vital for an biomes. According to textbook “Contemporary Environmental Issues” by Turk & Bensel (2014) reads, “water vapor is the most important of the so-called greenhouse gases (others include carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane) that warm the earth by trapping heat in the atmosphere. Water vapor contributes approximately two-thirds of the total warming that greenhouse gases supply. Without these gases, the mean surface

Drying alcohols are small alcohol molecules that tend to evaporate quickly. Think of the alcohol swab they use to clean your arm before an injection or rubbing alcohol your mom used to rub on your skin to help bring a fever down. Fatty alcohols are much larger molecules and do not volatilize at a fast rate. Their larger molecular sizes give them an oily, slippery feel which in turn provides the slip to your favorite conditioner. Fatty alcohols are emollients, which means they have the ability to soften skin and hair. This property makes fatty alcohols a common ingredient in conditioners and lotions. The most common fatty alcohols are cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol and cetearyl alcohol. Fatty alcohols coat the strands and hold the cuticle flat to create a smooth surface. This helps to release release existing tangles and knots and prevent the formation of new ones during the detangling

Hexane is used to extract material (oil and grease) from an acidified aliquot of water. The hexane is evaporated. The remaining residue is defined as oil and grease. This analysis is for relatively non-volatile hydrocarbons, vegetable oils, animal fats, waxes, soaps, greases, and related materials in surface/saline waters and industrial/domestic aqueous

Detergent tends to build up over time and you may find that one day the detergent cup won't open. The detergent acts like glue, sealing the cup. Your dishwasher's detergent cup is located on the panel, inside your dishwasher's door. Grab your sponge and a bucket of warm water and clean the detergent cup inside and out. If this doesn't fix your problem, read on.

In conclusion, the comparison between the spring and summer experiments demonstrated that the treatments mostly showed significant results, but both factors (temperature and nutrient availability) had the biggest influence on the microbial metabolism. Nitrate was a limiting factor in the summer experiment; therefore, microbes did not grow as much as they did in the spring experiment. Microbes preferred to grow in the dispersant and dispersed oil treatments than in the oil treatment, which indicates that dispersant had a big impact on microbial metabolism and influenced their degradation ability.

In this review the researchers identified and summarized the result regarding the study about the effectiveness of triclosan when added to the antibacterial product like bath soaps in preventing the spread of infectious diseases. The researchers also studied the write-ups and journals containing the discussion of the tests that was performed in assessing the potential risks that triclosan and triclocarban might have been carrying which relates to the result of bacterial resistance to antibiotics. The researchers evaluate the evidences gathered regarding the benefits and the risk carried by triclosan and triclocarban. They then concluded and recommended to conduct further research and assessed the suggestions of the latest data in accordance to the regulation of products with

Other ingredients that can be added to soap are fragrant oils and lotions. Fragrant oils will add to the appeal of your soap as it will be very nice to smell and use. Lotions on the other hand, can help moisturize your skin so you won't have that dry feeling after taking a shower with your soap.

Developed due to the shortage of supplies needed to make soap in World War I and World War II, detergent is similar to soap but it is less likely to create soap scum and can work fine in hard water. Detergent contains a substance, produced from petrochemicals, called surfactants that makes water become more likely to attract to oil and grease. Detergents have hydrocarbon chains that have one side that is hydrophobic, which clings to oil and grease, and the other side that is hydrophilic. The hydrophobic part of the hydrocarbon attaches to the oil or grease and the added water reaches the hydrophilic side of the hydrocarbon which causes the detergent or soap to detach the dirty stuff. Other chemicals in detergent are oxidizers and alkalis.

Joan Macey, the Rohm and Haas market manager for Metalworking Fluid Biocides, was reviewing the marketing approach for the recently introduced Kathon MWX maintenance biocide. Rohm and Haas is one of several manufacturers that develop liquid biocide chemicals for eliminating microorganisms in metalworking fluids. The company currently manufactures the Kathon 886 MW concentrate biocide, the leading biocide in the concentrate biocide market. Kathon 886 MW is a very powerful concentrate used for large-capacity reservoir systems (above 1,000 gallons) and is too powerful for small fluid reservoirs. As a result, the company developed the Kathon MWX maintenance biocide for use in

These trials show that washing with soap is visually more effective than washing with water alone. However, the results also show that time spent washing is also a factor. Based on appearances only, washing with soap for 20 seconds yielded the cleanest hands. Washing with soap for 5 seconds yielded the second cleanest hands. Washing with water only for 5 seconds yielded the third cleanest hands. Washing with soap for one second yielded cleaner hands than washing with water only for the same period of time. The greatest difference was between washing with water

Use SCBEU units at bitumen and oil sand sites to ‘extract and upgrade’ at the site. The SCBEU unit would replace much of the current oil sand solvent extraction washing process and does not require solvent recovery or disposal (4,5,9,10,11,12,25,28). [This case will be developed in this proposal using the Arroyo Grande Bitumen site near Edna, CA. (26,27,28)]

The LDL managers of Ivory Liquid, Dawn, and Joy spend about half of their marketing budget in advertising and with a lower share on promotion. This is different from the strategy of Colgate & Lever, who spends a higher percentage on promotion. The marketing budget for H-80 is $60 million for the first year, which includes $18 million on advertising, $37 million on promotion, and $5 million of miscellaneous marketing expenses.

Petroleum E & P Activities are characterized by all forms of environmental impacts at different levels of its operations ranging from exploration, development and production, transportation and distribution, marketing, decommissioning and rehabilitation. At the exploration phase, there are the disturbances of forest and ground surface from related activities such as site clearance, construction of roads, tank farms, brine pits and pipelines and other land modifications necessary for the drilling of exploration and production wells and construction of production facilities (Kharaka and Dorsey 2005). According to Christen (2004) some of the environmental problems associated with petroleum E & P activities include oil spills, gas flaring and venting, discharges of petroleum derived chemicals wastes, contamination of controlled water sources, contamination of soil and sediments, the destruction of the farmland and the marine environment. The major environmental issues arose primarily from the improper disposal of large volumes of petroleum derived hazardous waste streams, such as oil and toxic sludge (Eweje, 2006 and Aniefiok et al 2013), equipment failure, oil spills/operational discharges and sabotage of petroleum facilities (Asthana and Asthane 2003). All these have grave effects on all aspects of the environmental media, creating lots of

Another definition of sludge - A dense, slushy, liquid-to-semifluid product that accumulates as an end result of an

The natural environment must be restored. Development of the world has seen the establishment and growth of various types of industries. However, even as these industries produce many needs of the world’s societies, they have at the same time produced an incredible amount of wastes that are polluting and harming our environment. As such, modern societies have been forced to think about how to develop indicators to measure and handle these wastes in order to protect the environment and ensure human wellbeing. In the crude oil industry, the degree of sulfur content is very important as it is used to grade the crude oil a sweet crude oil is one with low sulfur content, and a sour crude oil is one with high sulfur content. This means therefore that the crude oil industry is involved in removing sulfur content from crude oil as sweet crude is preferred to sour crude [1].When distillate crude oil is processed into useful products, there will be many wastes, which dissolve in water thereby producing sour water. However, sour water consists of hazardous substances, mostly hydrogen sulfide (H2S), therefore it must be treated prior to the discharge for reuse or disposal to the water bodies. In addition, polluted water is fatal to benthic organisms and also causes depletion of dissolved oxygen [2]. This has led to some industries facing problems with the current environmental protection regulations due to high cost of petroleum wastewater disposal processes and the harmful effect on