Social And Biological Risk Factors

Disruptive Behavior Disorders. Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), conduct disorder (CD), and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) form a cluster of childhood disorders considered to be “disruptive behavior disorders” (American Psychiatric Association, 2004). Although most violent adolescents have more than one mental disorder and they may have internalizing disorders, for example depression or substance abuse, there appear to be increasingly higher rates of physical aggression found in these adolescents who experience disruptive behavior disorders than for those with other mental disorders. The fact that violent juvenile offenders are more likely to have these diagnoses is not surprising, because impulsive and/or aggressive behaviors are part of their diagnostic criteria. Additionally, there is relatively high co-morbidity with substance abuse disorders, which are also associated with juvenile violence (Moeller, 2001). Individuals with conduct disorder have the following features but this list is not inclusive for example they may have little empathy and little concern for the feelings, wishes, and wellbeing of others, respond with aggression, may be callous and lack appropriate feelings of guilt re remorse, self-esteem may be low despite a projected

Another U.S. study found that low availability of emotional support and low social participation were associated with all-cause mortality.

She rarely or hardly starts disputes with other children, throws temper tantrums, or seeks revenge when feeling picked on. She also performed within the normal range in the Impulsive-Hyperactive subscale. She rarely or hardly calls out unexpectedly, interrupts, or finds it hard to play quietly. She scored within the normal to borderline range in the Antisocial Conduct subscale. She rarely or hardly ever steals, acts dangerously before considering consequences, or destroys the possessions of

emphasis was on relationships to family, group and country rather than the development of an

these issues though those might be temporary. A final solution will have to be a national policy change in immigration, however, until then we could pursue some international options to aid undocumented immigrants in the United States.

Furthermore, stays at a friends house while his mother works from 1:00am to 5:00am. Per documentation the patient presents with mannerism of throwing his head back, laughing at inappropriate times, and throws his hands over eyes to talk. The patient presented with these behaviors during the time of assessment. According to collateral the patient reports to "Ms. Mitchell, principal at Tabernacle Elementary School, that he was going to kill himself and others." Collateral reports that patient cut himself with a broken razor from a pencil sharpener. Further, the patient reports that he is useless and that no one likes him nor does he have anyone to play video games with. The patient expresses these thoughts during the assessment. According to collateral the patient has multiple incidents with his behavior since 2013. As noted, "Some of these behaviors including pulling string out around neck from sweatshirt, smashing milk in cafeteria, kicking others students, swinging a waffle bat at another student, inappropriate language and hitting a student on the bus." The mother expresses that the patient does not see a need to go to school and wishes to stay home.

Social inequities in health result from unequal distribution of social, economic, cultural and historical determinants. It is vital to identify these factors to reduce health inequalities and to improve health status of people. This essay depicts information on two social determinants of health that affect different vulnerable groups in terms of their socioeconomic position and ethnicity.

Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is one of a group of behavioral disorders in the disruptive behavior disorders category. Children who have these disorders tend to be disruptive with a pattern of disobedient, hostile, and defiant behavior toward authority figures. These children often rebel, are stubborn, argue with adults, and refuse to obey. They have angry outbursts, have a hard time controlling their temper, and display a constant pattern of aggressive behaviors. ODD is one of the more common mental health disorders found in children and adolescents (AACAP, 2009). It is also associated with an increased risk for other forms of psychopathology, including other disruptive behavior disorders as well as mood or anxiety problems (Martel,

Client was referred to New Behavioral Network for Therapeutic Support for Families. Client was referred for services to address his history of aggression, which include tantrums, crying, throwing himself to the ground and hitting his sister. The client aggressive behaviors could extend for periods of 15 minutes to several hours when upset on a daily basis.

Diagnosis. Many times conduct disorder is first diagnosed when somebody, often a child in school, comes to the attention of the authorities (law enforcement, family Doctor, and others) most often due to their behavior (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). The child may then be referred to a psychiatrist or psychologist for assessment and diagnosis. Usually there is no specific test administered, instead, the person would need to meet the criteria listed in the DSM-5. Often there is a history of acting out in school, home, neighborhood, or other social setting. The child may be enrolled in a court-ordered treatment program if they have come to the attention of the police and if a crime has occurred.

2) Chris’s history of behavioral difficulties has been well documented. Chris has a history of violence towards peers. This includes: spitting on other students, stabbing a student with a pencil, kicking another student in the testicles and making derogatory comments towards students of different ethnic backgrounds and the opposite sex. Chris has also been kicked out of a preschool after school program for behavioral difficulties. Chris while in school wrote a story about weapons. It is also documented that Chris checked out a book in 7th grade about pistols and revolvers.

Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), opposition defiant disorder (ODD), and conduct disorder (CD) are three distinct disorders based upon their respective diagnostic criteria in the DSM-5. If ODD and CD were mild forms of ASPD, then there would need to be causal relationship between the childhood manifestations of ODD and CD and the adult manifestation of ASPD. There is evidence of comorbidity between ODD and CD, and also evidence to suggest that children diagnosed with these disorders may go on to develop ASPD later in life; however, correlation does not equal causation. The three disorders have subtle but important differences in their associated behaviors, underlying causes, treatment outcomes, and neurological signs.

Social determinants of health are social, economic and physical factors that affect the health of individuals in any given population. There are fourteen social determinants of health but Income is perhaps the most important of these because it shapes living conditions, influences health related behaviors, and determines food security. In Canada, people with lower incomes are more susceptible to disease/ conditions, higher mortality rate, decreased life expectancy and poorer perceived health than people with high incomes. In numerous Canadian studies and reports, there has been more emphasis on health being based on an individual’s characteristics, choices and behaviours, rather than the role that income plays as a social determinant of health. Although Canada has one of the highest income economies in the world and is comprised of a free health care system, many low income families are a burden on the system because of the physical and mental health issues influenced by income insecurity. Low income individuals are heavier users of health care services because they have lower levels of health and more health problems than do people with higher incomes. This essay will address income as a social determinant of health in three key sections: what is known on the issue, why the issue is important and how can health and public policies address the issue. The main theme that runs through the essay is the income related health inequalities among low income groups compared to

Conduct disorder is the primary identifying risk factor in childhood that may be recognized as an early sign preceding the eventual development of antisocial personality disorder in adulthood (Holmes, Slaughter, & Kashani, 2001). Antisocial personality disorder possesses an array of proposed origins which include but are not limited to domestic, genetic, prenatal, and educational factors (Holmes, Slaughter, & Kashani, 2001; Farrington, 2005). Early detection and intercession are preventative measure that can be taken to dissolve the progression of conduct disorder in at risk individuals and dissolve the development of antisocial personality disorder in affected individuals (Holmes, Slaughter, & Kashani, 2001). The prognosis for individuals with antisocial personality disorder, or ASPD/APD, who receive treatment, ideally, is decreased repetitive criminal behavior and reduction of antisocial behavior (Hatchett, 2015).

Overt conduct disorder violate social rules and includes a wide variety of antisocial behaviors such as aggression, theft, vandalism, firesetting, lying, truancy, and running away. It interferes with everyday functioning at home and school. Students with overt conduct disorder “perform harmful behaviors at a much higher rate and at a much later age than normally developing student” (Kauffman 2005).