Social Capital in the Developing World Essay

In fact, there are still some countries struggling to offer education because they are still in development. Countries in Africa, such as Sudan, are primary victims. According to a research paper, “education is one of the main priorities for the people of South Sudan. As recent studies show, many communities in South Sudan view education as the most important peace dividend.” (Barnaba). After the analysis of school enrollment and completion rates in Sudan, results were rather low. Sudan, a third world country, currently is going through the state of being the most illiterate country in the world. It has placed education as its top priority and may will be finding ways to encourage families to send students.This ultimately has been caused through the poverty of the parents and thus requiring help in supporting the health of the family making education a second priority. Due to that reason, the country is still developing. A huge gap separates the developed countries from the developing countries solely based on the education systems. The paper states, “there is also concern raised on lack of attention to education quality and its failure to reach the marginalized as contributing to the learning crisis”(“Fix the Gaps in Our Education System [column]”). There is a weak management of schooling in many third world countries, which is a primary reason to why they have not developed yet. This is the reason for the gap and

Social capital is the is the social connections that allow for social interactions in which an individual has opportunities to build bonds, help others out, and affect change for the better. When the social engagement is reciprocated, it can produce benefits for the multiple individuals engaged in the activity and so further the circumstance of the society.

“Development is about improving the quality of people’s lives, expanding their ability to shape their own futures”

Civil societies are voluntary social institutions and organizations that are separate from the government and the market where a community of citizens are able to come together and pursue their shared common interest. They are beneficial to the community as well as the broader society as civil societies ultimately promote progressive policies, nurture positive social norms that encourage stability, and advocates accountability and checks against state authority (Edwards 2010). Moreover, civil societies represent a third sphere of association where citizens are able to address the deficiencies that the state and market fail to handle and then have the opportunity to develop their own

Since the world has penetrated into the epoch of twenty first century, it has experienced gargantuan changes in almost every sphere of life whether it is social, economic, political, technological, environmental or cultural aspects and has also manipulated the human existence to a great deal. Besides, these advancements have made the entire populace of the world enter into the age of industrial revolution that is satiated with technological and scientific advancements and innovations. However, social issues at the same time have been witnessed to grow at an accelerated pace in this epoch of evolution and colossal progression (Selfe & Burke, 2001).

To have a development as a person needs to have a greater human capacity to maximize their social, economic, cultural and political circles, and protect them for future generations through hard work,

It is most commonly used in society when a growth for the better happens, whether it is integrating society, economic, or personal developments. Though what one does not take into consideration is that a “problem” is something that has—developed from the norms. Development is a term that is both mutually good and bad, and in order for an individual to use the word “development" correctly it needs to be used neutrally.

The development do not refer to as to be a better individual with higher morals, but to have higher understanding of the others individuals, the consequences of our own actions, ability to change scenarios, and mainly the ability to

Economic development can be defined generally as involving an improvement in economic welfare, measured using a variety of indices, such as the Human Development Index (HDI). A developing country is described as a nation with a lower standard of living, underdeveloped industrial base, and a low HDI relative to other countries. There are several factors which may have the effect of limiting economic development in such countries. Factors such as these include: primary product dependency, the savings gap and political instability.

Education comes with social benefits as well which can improve the situation of the poor, such as lower fertility and improved health care of children ("Poverty and Education"). "Poor people are often unable to obtain access to an adequate education, and without an adequate education people are often constrained to a life of poverty." - Servaas Van Der Berg. The absolutely poor in developing countries have low education levels. Some may not even have access to primary education or may not have completed their primary education, not realizing that it is important to reduce poverty. Education is often poorly measured, and the impacts do not always show up as statistically significant in cross- country growth regressions (Levine & Renelt, 1992). Africa’s education crisis makes media headlines and analysis by the Brookings Center for Universal Education (CUE) explains why this needs to change. Progress towards universal primary education has come to a halt and learning levels of children who are in school are poor as well. Using a Learning Barometer, CUE estimates that 61 million African children will reach adolescence lacking even the most basic literacy and numeracy skills, this will deprive a whole generation of opportunities to develop and escape poverty ("Poverty, Education, & Opportunity").

Your questions are thoughts provoking. A social change is one thing when a community of people embraces a readiness to move forth through their desire to seek changes. However, unwanted social change creates an increase tension for researchers caused by the lack of resources, economic and social instabilities, mistrust, and mistreatments (Nazroo, 2006). Therefore, before social changes can be wanted government policies must consider alleviating the underlining problems of the community members such as lack of job availabilities or resources. Moreover, reduce social exploitations on minority population caused by the many items in the injustice system of oppression that is pushing against the community not to embrace

Taking into consideration the trickle-down theory of economics by Lewis, if the growth in economy is not sufficient to satisfy the needs and wants of the upper sections, nothing or very little shall trickle down to the lower sections in the hierarchy of society. Thus, the gap between the rich and poor widens and though economic growth has impacted a certain section of society, this cannot be considered development. Another example is an increase in the defence output of a nation, which accounts for an increased GDP but does not in any way contribute to economic development. Economic growth is not enough in itself to measure economic development as even if there has been a leap in the income of people in a particular nation,

Development is defined as “the process of change operating over time- the process by which countries and societies advance and become richer’’. The modern 20th century defines development as” the process of change which allows all the basic needs of a region to be met, thereby achieving greater social justice and quality of life and encouraging people to fulfill their potential’’. Todaro defines development as “the process of improving the quality of all human lives through raising people’s living standards, their incomes, consumption levels of food, medical services, education, raising people’s self-esteem through the establishment of social, political and economic systems and institutions that promote dignity and respect and increasing people’s

Moreover, a small country offers an ideal social policy of the rule of law and the way amendments can occur. It is vital for individuals to enjoy their rights and freedoms, among which is the freedom of education, the freedom of expression without infringing on others’ civil liberties (Mitchell et al., 2013). In this way, there is assurance of proper relationship between different classes, the creation of stable family structures, and mode of worship. An efficient system of governance ensures that the population of a country is controlled to avoid over or under population considering availability of resources. To manage efficiently resources in a country, upgrading of social capital is paramount. Education of individual citizens assists building up social labor for proper exploitation and utilization of resources, thus realization of development in a country. Therefore, due to the spread of high levels of knowledge among citizens, industries can manage to employ and keep enough number of the workforce with the rest having to rely and benefit from the safety of entrepreneurship. As a result, the country develops wholesomely with the fulfillment of job opportunities among the youth who form the future of a country. Thus, per capita income is increased, which is production per person in a country, in this way improving individual satisfaction regarding living conditions.

Development is a term that can be used in many different contexts whether it is social, economical, political etc. However generally development refers to an improvement in certain areas: