Social Factors Affecting The Mortality Burden Of Infectious Disease

Another U.S. study found that low availability of emotional support and low social participation were associated with all-cause mortality.

“Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander people have a greater amount of disadvantage and significantly more health problems than the non-Aboriginal & Torres strait Islander population in Australia”

Public health may have remained a pool of disease was it not for the reforms made in the middle ages Though the town authorities tried their best, London was probably the most unsanitary town in England. Slowly, however, rules were made and enforced. In 1301 four women butchers were fined for throwing the blood and guts of slaughtered animals into the street. By 1370, 12 teams of 'muck' collectors combed the streets for animal and human excrement - money could be made out of it by selling it to local farmers (which helped further spread the various diseases…)

In American industrial cities, late 1800s, Poor neighborhood were not the best place to live. With poor living conditions, poor sanitation and crowded housing, many epidemics of infectious disease spread into the poor population and touched even the wealthy class. Cities such as New York were crowded and workers were living in tenements, which were often cramped, poorly lit and poorly aerated. Moreover, these tenements lacked of adequate plumbing, therefore waste was flooding in the public streets. Streets was crowded of waste and garbage. Population was poorly nourished and has a poor life hygiene like water pollution and poisoned food and milk. Accordingly, infectious disease was the common death reason. Big cities had known outbreaks of

There is growing research into what has become known as the social determinants of health; the central claim arising from this research is that “various social factors have a strong influence on population health and on inequalities in health outcomes across social groups”. (Preda & Voigt, 2015) Social determinants of health are conditions in the environments in which people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect a wide range of health, functioning, and quality of life outcomes and risks. Conditions such as social, economic, and physical in various environments and settings such as school, church, work, or neighborhood have been referred to as “place”. (HP 2020) According to Healthy People 2020 (2016) understanding the relationship between how population groups experience “place” and the impact of “place” on health is fundamental to the social determinants of health. Healthy People 2020 (2016) have developed an approach to social determinants by organizing a “place-based” framework, reflecting five key areas of social determinants of health. Each of these five determinant areas, economic stability, education, social and community context, health and healthcare, neighborhood and built environment; reflects a number of critical components that make up the underlying factors in the arena of social determinants of health. Differences in social, economic, and environmental circumstances lead to health inequalities that are socially produced and therefore

In the early 1900’s medicine was making some steps closer into some great improvements for health and better understanding of the human body. Doctors with sufficient knowledge of the human body and cures for diseases and viruses were scarce. People were much more concerned with government and politics, than health and medicine, until one of the greatest and most grotesque lethal pandemics that’s struck the earth in human history. This pandemic the “Spanish Flu” spread so rapidly and had an extremely high mortality rate. This was caused by the close contact of humans and poor cleanliness and sanitation, and the host (virus) and the body taking harsh action

emphasis was on relationships to family, group and country rather than the development of an

Death, sickness, and epidemics were very prominent during the Progressive Era. America was going through a very rough time because of the increase in health risks. With all this happening America was recovering from World War One and the Financial Crises in the business community. During 1916 America experienced one of its first epidemics with a large case of polio, causing nearly 3000 deaths with over 9000 cases. This epidemic could have been caused due to the Public’s Health being poor during the Progressive Era, this was due to the lack of basic human sanitation, poor living conditions, and the rarity of children’s medical institutions (Healthcare).

For the first Case Assignment, please answer the following questions. You can submit your paper in a Question and Answer format. In other words, list the questions and provide a short answer to each.

No matter how strenuous it may be for an urban area to prevent an outbreak from occurring, it is still inevitable. Many organizations have tried to educate the population about the cause of diseases and how to prevent it. Although this method displays a decrease in certain diseases, it still occurs. However, instead of just attempting to prevent these diseases, a profound amount of cures have been discovered to treat it. Throughout multiple sources, such as online articles and lectures on the Industrial Revolution, it is unambiguous that the human race spreads disease through unsanitary environments, direct physical contact, and lack of knowledge, but society adapts to these situations and restrains the expansion of diseases by improved safety

It is important to remember that nineteenth century was the era in which Britain’s Public Health was introduced (Clark, G. 2005). The impact of the industrial revolution era generated a source of income for the government and the people, which resulted to an increase in the British and European economy (Allen, R. C. 2007). This meant that people were moving into the cities to be closer to factories for jobs; it also meant that new buildings were being built closely to each other with poor sanitary conditions. The building conditions were poor and damp, which then led to overcrowding and spreading of diseases (Ashton. R.J.2015)

? In the 1900’s the major cause of death in America was pneumonia, tuberculosis (TB), and diarrhea and enteritis which is known today as diphtheria. These infectious diseases was the cause of 1/3 of deaths in America. The population shift in the 1900’s with lots of immigration which led to major over -crowding in poor housing areas and cities. There was also the non- existence of public water and or waste disposal systems that we have today. This type of environment led to continuous outbreaks of infectious diseases like tuberculous, influenza, yellow fever and malaria to name a few. People were getting sick and dying by the millions, there was epidemics everywhere. Federal and State’s labored to make better the sanitation and hygiene of

Imagine living in a time where the life expectancy is 30 years old and the infant mortality rates are 95% lower than today’s times. By understanding what public health is and the important role it plays in society, then can we promote a better quality of life. The history of Public Health over time shows vast progression and evolution throughout the centuries and has had a tremendous impact on the health of the communities. We use the history of events that took place in Chicago between 1834 and 2014 as an example of the evolution of public health. The events that took place in Chicago tell a story of how public health activities and responses have changed over the past 180 years.

In the early 1800s, both in Europe and in the United States, physicians with formal medical training began to stress the idea that germs and social conditions might cause and spread disease, especially in cities. Many municipalities created "dispensaries" that dispensed medicines to the poor and offered free physician services. Epidemics of cholera, diphtheria, tuberculosis, and yellow fever, and concerns about sanitation and hygiene, led many city governments to create departments of health. New advances in studying bacteria were put to practical use as "germ theory" became the accepted cause for illness. It was in the face of epidemics and poor sanitation, government-sponsored public health, and healthcare that private healthcare began to systematically diverge.

In this research, the effect of social determinants of health on the prevalence of depression and treatment access was examined. Community survey and administrative data on mental health service users in the Calgary Health (CHR) were used to collect the data. the same as Canadian national statistics, depression was strongly associated with female gender, younger age, and health risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, and obesity. Severe depression which changes the daily functioning was significantly related to community-level indicators of single-parent status, low-income families, and low educational achievement. Accessing professional mental health services was found a barrier in some region seek treatment (Currie, Fiest,& Guyn, 2013).