Social Stereotypes In Psychological Research

Based upon the lecture it is now my opinion that race is an ideology and should not be considered a physical fact. As presented in the lecture, just because someone appears to be black, does not mean they should be classified as solely “black.” The example given about Barack Obama having a white birth mother and black birth father, and yet he is classified as black. I am curious to know if Obama himself classifies himself as black, or if this is something the public classifies him as. I think most people consider race as a physical fact but should not. An example being when someone appears to be Asian, but in reality they could be a mixture of different ethnicities. Many stereotypes are based upon physical facts, rather than the actual knowledge

There is insurmountable evidence that points to the idea that gender stereotypes is largely accomplished through social factors. Scholars in both sociological and psychological fields believe that gender is constructed through the modeling of appropriate behaviors and the use of systematic rewards and punishments. Evidence also shows that many aspects of gender are not innate, as evidenced by children who do not exhibit a gender specific preference in friends, clothing or toys when placed in gender neutral settings. Only after negative reactions from parents, teachers, or friends do many children begin to take on the gender roles society comes to see as appropriate for them.

This study focuses on the how different people response to different targets based on the race of the target based on their stereotypes. This study was brought on by the shooting and killing of an unarmed black man named Amadou Diallo who was thought to be an alleged rapist that the police were looking for. It is thought that the police officers shot Diallo based off of his race and stereotyping. The purpose of this study is to find out whether the police officers would have still treated Diallo the same way if he was White. The results were that stereotypes played a role in how fast an armed and unarmed African American male is shot and how fast an armed an unarmed White male is shot. Overall, African Americans were shot more whether they

This past discussion that we had in class was very interesting. Growing up in the world that we live in you tend to see things on social media but not really grasp the idea of what you saw. I really did not learn about any of this growing up. The idea of multiple genders I didn’t see it in my schools my parents did not really talk about it. To be honest they did not talk about that topic at all. I don’t know if they are ignorant on that topic or they refuse to acknowledge it. I’ve seen and heard people talk about it but I’ve never really knew about it. It wasn’t until I went to class and that I learned more in depth into it. Growing up in a strict religious Caribbean household there is a lot of conversations that do not happen. I think they would lowkey

There is so much social pressure on girls to look sexy, whether they are sexually active or not, for many reasons. The first reason that comes to mind is Hollywood, the media, and entertainment. Britney Spears first video when she was like 16 was her in a sexy Catholic school girl uniform, singing, “Hit me baby one more time.” Miley Cyrus, the new Britney Spears, has done racy photo shoots that suggests nudity, and recently come out with new provocative songs, which she accompanies with provocative attire. Now these two celebrities didn’t start out being sexy. They both reeled in their fan base on shows like the Mickey Mouse Club and Hannah Montana. So they already had a following of young girls “Tweens”, which mimicked their every

Children first begin to learn their gender identities between the ages of two and six. With this, they also begin to recognize activites, traits, skills, and other stereotypes associated with each gender. During this period of time, children are vulnerable and impressionable, imitating the actions they see happening around them. Children begin to act according to how their gender is portrayed in society, and the media is playing a larger role in daily life now than ever before. Binary gender stereotypes are continually advertised in the media through movies, television shows, advertisements, music, etc. Unfortunately, a message seen far too often within

From the moment they are born, children are exposed to myriad of rigid gender stereotypes. Even as newborns, children are carried out of the hospital in a pink blanket if they are female or a blue blanket if they are male. As children grow older, gender roles are reinforced by family members, the media, and other children and adults in the child’s life. As toddlers, girls often are given dolls and books about princess and boys are often given trucks and books about heroes. If a girl tracks mud across the floor she would probably get scolded by a parent, but if her brother did the same thing he would probably get a laugh or a “boys will be boys.”

Background literature: Previous studies about gender stereotypes enforced on people include; “Effect of infant’s perceived gender on adolescents’ ratings of the infant by Degelman, Dvorak, and Homutoff and Cowan (1983). These studies highlight feminine and masculine traits. They ask middle school students to rate a baby on each of those traits.

Social phobias, anxieties and negative self-talk are a constant struggle since my early childhood and adult life. The nervousness, fear of rejection, insecurities and self-consciousness makes it difficult to connect with people and to form close relationships. It often feels I am the one of few people who experiences these socially anxious symptoms. Adding to the dilemma, the awkwardness to speak in public is overwhelming, to creating imaginary scenarios in my head, and the uneasiness to order food at a restaurant. The fear to schedule a phone call for an appointment, to rehearse and practice conversations in my head is a daunting daily affair. The process inevitably resorts to negative self-talk when asked to engage and contribute in social

Each of us builds a “picture” on how we feel and look at another person, which in turn outputs an opinion or stereotype. We will call this personal construct in this paper. Personal constructs are specific descriptions of others that people assigns personally from their own experience and knowledge. Similarly Trenholm (2014) defines personal constructs as “characteristics that we habitually notice in others” (p. 47). You know the old saying, “what you don’t know, won’t hurt you”? With personal constructs, if you don’t understand your own constructs it could hurt your ability to communicate with others by being unfair. For me to understand when I’m using personal construct constructively or negatively I must understand what kind of

Imagine a young girl viewing the Disney film Cinderella. She watches as Cinderella's only purpose in life is to cook and clean endlessly. Will this little girl believe that she too is destined to the typical female role of a stay-at-home maid, one who spends her days doing chores for others? Will she begin to think of herself as unworthy of a higher profession? Children are exposed to gender stereotypes every single day in movies, and this is harmful to their development. Young children are especially impressionable, and these gender stereotypes may largely impact their thought process. These ideas also may influence a child’s future and what his or her plans are in life. Additionally, children may begin to think

“It’s 2017, and girls still don’t think they are as smart as boys, research shows Gender stereotypes live on.” By Valerie Strauss is an article that enlightens the reasons behind why girls aged six underestimate their intelligence. The article also explains the gender stereotype following intellectual ability and the consequence of this on dream job of children 7. According to Strauss, at 5 both boys and girls associated brilliance with their own gender. But girls aged 6 showed stop associated intelligence with their own gender leading them to a stereotyped way of thinking. Strauss concludes that children’s thoughts about intelligence exhibit change over from the ages 5 because of lack of empowerment and acknowledgment of women scientists and experts.

By and large, gender socialization is a major contributor to identity and self- concept. Gender therefore becomes a characteristic that defines other’s perceptions and evaluations of us. People come to manage gender along with aspects of other aspects of the self by making sure that we are acting in gender-appropriate way (Goffman, 1959, Libby). In itself, the self is a product of social forces and it emerges through socialization. Being that gender is a major function of one’s identity, stereotypes about gender affect the individual’s perception of his or her self. Two elements of the self from Charles Horton Cooley look at the self as emerging through interaction in groups and the self as basis for social control. Through interactions with others, in this case peers, children begin to develop their self-concept and the perceptions that others have on them create the normative expectations . When an individual becomes aware that his or her behaviors are not conforming to the norms and expectations related to their gender, they become aware of their peers perceptions towards them as either being positive or negative. This in turn can alter the way the individual presents his or her self. According to Carter (2014:257) “boys and girls learn what behavior means and henceforth attach identity expectations to behaviors” and they become identity standards that are “strengthened by repeated comparisons between the internalized expectations and subsequent appraisal of behaviors”.

Aside from arising from mental shortcuts, it has also been proposed that stereotypes are a result of group conflict (Sherif, 1966). Regularly, individuals behave in a way that is expected of them in order to uphold the impressions others have of them. Thus, individuals act accordingly and embody the stereotype which is projected upon them (Baumeister & Bushman). The degree to which we rely on stereotypes when establishing judgements of others has been widely investigated in the field of social psychology. Frequently, the harmful consequences of relying on stereotypes is noted with the potential of this tendency to lead to prejudice and discrimination. Furthermore, the variation in the significance of stereotypes has been explored to determine

However, this gender stereotypes cliché can be changed through experience and education. According to Copping, Kinlaw, Kurtz-Costes and Rowley’s research about gender stereotype awareness in children among different age groups (2013). They found that “in-group bias having a greater influence among younger children” (Copping et al. 2013, pg