Sociodemographics

the use of Cigarettes and tobacco an negatively affect the Mental , physical and Emotional

The first research article that I chose to discuss is “The natural history of cigarette smoking from adolescence to adulthood in a Midwestern community sample: Multiple trajectories and their psychosocial correlates.” This research extended from 1980-1983. It took place in a county school system in the Midwest. The group for study consisted of 6-12th graders and included those who graduated from the years 1980-1989. The total student’s who were questioned and assessed at least one time was 8,556. A follow up assessment was performed in 1987 at that time 73% of the participants were reevaluated; they were between the ages of 15 and 25. In 1993 another follow up was done; again 73% were reevaluated

Many smokers, like Sload, take their first puffs in college. Other students experiment with cigarettes in high school but start smoking heavily in college. Everyone I surveyed and interviewed is aware that smoking was responsible for the deaths of many people every year. They know it increased the risk of heart attack and stroke and adversely affects breathing and the lungs. And like smokers of any age, many college students are actively trying to quit. Mandie Sload knows that for or five cigarettes a day were four or five too many. She plans to quit someday. She understands that if she quits her breath will smell better;

Generally, each article reported African-Americans who experienced any of the three disorders had a low SES and underwent traumatic experiences in poor communities. While each article substantially covered the relationship between cultural environment and mental disorders, a clearer study between symptoms and surroundings was found in Ward and Mengesha’s article covering depression in African-American men. For future research purposes, more in-depth analysis of African-Americans with mental disorders should be recorded. Statistics of community outreach programs should also be covered in order to accurately measure social factors taken into account when assessing mental health disorders in minorities, in addition to covering upbringing and child-rearing in communities with a low SES. Such incorporations of social factors will allow for a enhanced understanding of how symptoms of mental disorders develop in individuals living in disadvantaged communities. However, including a wide range of studies of minorities with mental health disorders in research is just as significant as understanding how they

In the study, 787 smokers in Massachusetts were tracked after they quit smoking for five years. During that time, they answered three surveys about their smoking use. With each survey, an

middle (grades 6-8) and high school (grades 9-12) students, CDC and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) analyzed data from the 2011-2014 National Youth Tobacco Surveys (NYTS). In 2014, e-cigarettes were the most commonly used tobacco product among middle (3.9%) and high (13.4%) school students. Between 2011 and 2014, statistically significant increases were observed among these students for current use of both e-cigarettes and hookahs (p<0.05), while decreases were observed for current use of more traditional products, such as cigarettes and cigars, resulting in no change in overall tobacco use. Consequently, 4.6 million middle and high school students continue to be exposed to harmful tobacco product constituents, including nicotine.” (Arrazola

Most often seniors in high schools can purchase cigarettes because they are 18, so they distribute them to underclassmen or friends. Nearly 21 percent of high schoolers in public schools smoke cigarettes, which would be about 3.13 million students (Preidt). My survey shows that only four percent, or two out of 49 people admit their addiction to cigarettes. The two students admitted that stress is their reasoning for why they began smoking and continue, but only one has support to end their need to smoke. While the student with assistance is continuing to smoke, they are attempting to stop; however, the effects of smoking are obviously severe (lung disease, cancer, bronchitis, etc.) and cannot continue. Cigarettes may be a partial stress reliever although the permanent and long-term effects should be proof enough that this addiction is a necessity to prevent in our high schoolers even if it is four

Addiction and substance abuse is a personal fear in most people worldwide. Young people are more susceptible to experimenting with tobacco and alcohol, than middle aged or older people are. Most people reported smoking at the age or eighteen, when they could legally purchase

In fact, the tobacco industry has suffered ever since antismoking advertising has begun (Johnston, p. 107). According to statistics, 4 in every 10 Americans who are in 12th grade have tried cigarettes, and 1 in 10 consider themselves current smokers. As well as, 1 in 5, 8th graders have tried cigarettes, and 1 in 16 consider themselves current smokers (Johnston, p. 107). Now that society is aware of the harms of tobacco, it is important to decrease such rates of smoking amongst youth. Not only are there commercials about the risks of cigarette smoking, but also there are commercials that promote living above the influence of all drugs, including alcohol and marijuana. Lastly, as research continues to improve, and new drugs arise it is important to keep youth educated on the risks of using such drugs. It is important to keep our youth safe from the dangers of

The 2011-2012 California Student Tobacco Survey (CSTS) provides an opportunity to explore this relationship as this will be the first investigation into this relationship with this particular data set. The 2011-2012 CSTS is a large-scale in-school student survey that asks questions about smoking behaviors, SHS smoke exposure, attitudes about school and local smoking policies, and depressive symptoms.

Although it was found that people at four year colleges smoked significantly less than those who went to two year colleges or didn’t go to college at all, almost a quarter of the participants at four year universities had smoked within the last thirty days, but only 20% considered themselves smokers. People who attend college seem to shy away from admitting that they are smokers, possibly because of their exposure to people who are more health-conscious that make admitting that they regularly smoke intimidating. Their denial not only causes the number of college students who are smokers that have been found in other studies may be lower than reality, but also contributes to the overall resistance to quitting. If people that smoke do not consider themselves smokers, they are not going to see smoking as something they need to quit. Adding to that, most of the student smokers surveyed f interest in wanting to quit within a year, but significantly less had attempted quitting in his or her lifetime (46%). This data shows that most smokers want to quit but have not actually taken the steps to do so. With cessation programs and other various forms of encouragement, some of these students might be able to quit smoking for good. If policies are to be implemented to encourage students to quit smoking, the policies must be

“With the development of specified diagnostic criteria, as exemplified in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM- III; American Psychiatric Association, 1980), and the creation of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS), it became possible to examine the incidence and prevalence of specific psychiatric disorders in the community. The Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study (ECA) has utilized the DIS in a multisite longitudinal study from which data are now being analyzed. ECA data summed across all five research sites provides evidence yet again that the highest rates of disorder occur in the lowest social classes. The six-month prevalence of any DSM-III disorder is 2.86 times higher in the lowest socioeconomic status (SES) category than in the highest SES group, controlling for age and sex (Holzer et al., 1986). The estimated relative risk for the lowest SES group in comparison to the highest SES group is 1.79 for major depres- sion, 3.59 for alcohol abuse or

Cigarettes are the most important substance to address in the United States because they are not only extremely addictive, but they have the potential to cause a variety of serious health conditions and affect individuals who are close to and care for the user. Tobacco use poses a serious health threat especially among the young population of America and has significant implications for the nation’s public and economic health in the future. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the impact of cigarette smoking on the economy is huge. Seventy-five percent of American health care money spent is due to the effects of tobacco causing various chronic diseases. Such diseases include, diabetes, heart disease, cancers, congenital defects, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), stroke, birth defects, etc. “Cigarette smoking harms nearly every organ of the body, causes many diseases, and reduced the health of smokers in general” (CDC, 2015).

Issues regarding mental health dramatically affect our society. Unfortunately, marginalized social groups often fall prey to a deficit in treatment options. Ethnic minority groups are dramatically distressed with various social and socioeconomic factors to increase the presence of mental illness. Minority adults are significantly less likely to seek mental health care than adults identifying as two or more races and Whites (Morris, 2015). Different theories touch on different perspective views of mental illness and minorities.

Tobacco; one of the most profitable products in history, an addictive substance, and a deadly killer. Smoking tobacco used to be a thing that was endorsed in American society. Now, with the new medical advances and knowledge, society has seen the side effects of smoking and how fatal it actually is. Teenagers have been one of the largest age groups that have been affected by smoking. After analyzing all possible reasons as to why teenagers would smoke while knowing it can affect their health, three possible reasons stuck out the most. Teenagers smoke despite knowing the health problems that originate from smoking because of peer pressure, an “invincibility” mentality, and seeing a role model or family member smoke.