Sodium Borohydride Reduction: Diphenylmethanol from Benzophenone

In part A, the Grignard reagent was created. Mg is added between the benzene ring and the bromine by means of a non-chain radical reaction. Initially, Mg donates and electron to bromide and heterolytically breaks the C-Br bond; therefore, this results in a carbon radical, Br - ion, and a Mg+ radical. Next, the carbon radical and the Mg+ radical bond together, and the Mg and Br - ionically bond together2. In the experiment, no initial color change to cloudy gray was observed. Eventually, it was decided to try and

In radical halogenations lab 1-chlorobutane and 5% sodium hypochlorite solution was mixed in a vial and put through tests to give a product that can then be analyzed using gas chromatography. This experiment was performed to show how a radical hydrogenation reaction works with alkanes. Four isomers were attained and then relative reactivity rate was calculated. 1,1-dichlorobutane had 2.5% per Hydrogen; 1,2-dichlorobutane had 10%; 1,3-dichlorobutane had 23%; and 1,4-dichlorobutane had 9.34% per Hydrogen.

The Purpose of this experiment is for the students to learn how to use sodium borohydride to reduce benzil to its secondary alcohol product via reduction reaction. This two-step reaction reduces aldehydes by hydrides to primary alcohols, and ketones to secondary alcohols. In order for the reaction to occur and to better control the stereochemistry and yield of the product, the metal hydride nucleophile of the reducing agents such as LiH, LiAlH4, or NaBH4 must be carefully chosen. Being that LiAlH4 and NaBH4 will not react with isolated carbon-carbon double bonds nor the double bonds from aromatic rings; the chosen compound can be reduce selectively when the nucleophile only react with

Experiments 2-1 and 2-2 study the production of hydrogen gas by different chemical reactions. By using a hydrogen gas collection apparatus and the principles of chemistry, we were able to evaluate the data and reach our goal. Experiment 2-1 uses zinc, magnesium and aluminum and how much hydrogen gas they produce to predict the volume of hydrogen gas produced for different masses of each metal. In this experiment we see that each metal has an increasing amount of hydrogen gas as mass goes up, however each metal had different amount of hydrogen gas for the same mass. Zinc produced the least amount of hydrogen gas, then increasing with magnesium, and aluminum produced the highest amount. The

82. Oxidation occurs when there is a removal of electrons and/or hydrogen atoms from a

Like Photosynthesis, cellular respiration is also a redox reaction where glucose loses electrons and hydrogen atoms to produce carbon dioxide causing the glucose to become oxidized. At the same time, oxygen gains electrons and hydrogen atoms, reducing it to water.

The purpose of this paragraph is to inform you about how Saint Thomas More became the school it is today. On August 30th, 1957, Bishop Bernard J. Topel named Fr. Paul A. Wenning the very first pastor at a new parish in Spokane. That parish was Saint Thomas More. All of STM’s first masses were held at Lynnwood Elementary School, because there was no church yet. There was a three phase plan in the making - to build a church, a rectory, and a four classroom grade school - with the groundbreaking in March 1958. Four years later, in March of 1962, when the rectory was finished, construction on the school began and was ready for students by September. In the beginning, STM only had grades 5-8, with a combined 7th and 8th grade taught by Sr. Bigitta,

Redox reactions are an important class of reactions in organic chemistry that involve the transfer of electrons from

The oxidation reaction occurs as a two-step reaction. The first step involves the formation of chromate esters and the second step is an elimination reaction that will produce the carbonyl group necessary to make either a ketone or an aldehydes. The reaction is hallmarked by the breaking of a C-H bond and the formation of a C-O bond (James, 2014). Specifically when oxidizing alcohols, it is important to note that primary alcohols can be converted to aldehydes as well as completely to carboxylic acids, secondary alcohols are converted to ketones and no further, and tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized. The oxidizing agent removes the hydrogen from the –OH group and the hydrogen from the C-H group attached to the –OH group in a compound. Tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized because they lack the C-H bond that is present in both the oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols (Clark, 2003).

Hydrogen has already been under the micro scope for many years as an alternative fuel source to us because of its abundance and power. We have simply been lacking the

The Hydrogen Fuel Cell could revolutionize the world. This ingenious technology, which creates electricity from the chemical reactions of hydrogen and oxygen has, in its 150-year history, passed many of the critical tests along the path from invention to innovation. Recent developments in fuel cell technology and concurrent developments within the energy and automotive industries have brought the world to brink of the fuel cell age and the hydrogen economy.

It was a partially sunny day at the rowdy Six Flags park, I was with friends and family. Throughout the car ride all anyone could talk about was how they were going to ride the horrific Goliath. Goliath is a roller coaster at Six Flags that I personally think is terrifying. When we got there had talked to one of the people at the entrance and we mentioned they we were going to go on Goliath. She had said “ I went on there once it was horrible never again”. Me being the little chicken I am I said “ Forget this I'm not going”! Everyone looked at me kinda like they were disappointed, My brother said “ Come on you gotta do this it's not even that scary”. So then I said “ Fine I’ll go”. Well that was a mistake. Walked over to the ride

Then, a shift is observed by one of the atoms to the carbocation. And finally, to stabilize the molecule, catalyst is then regenerated to yield the final product.

Some people feel that euthanasia is the first step on a slippery slope where the vulnerable are threatened and premature death is the cheap alternative to palliative care.

small, positively-charged proton with a negatively-charged electron orbiting very fast, a model analogous to the earth orbiting the sun, or the moon orbiting the earth. Fuel cells take advantage of this structure. Using a membrane and a catalyst, hydrogen is broken up into a proton and an electron. While there are many different membrane models for fuel cells, the most appropriate one for car travel is the Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM, also called the Proton Exchange Membrane). It is called this because protons are able to easily pass through the membrane. However, because the membrane does not allow electrons to pass through it, the electrons take a detour through an electrical circuit to the other side of the cell. If hydrogen is supplied into the cell at a steady rate, the stream of electrons in the electrical circuit creates electric power. However, like all batteries, you need a positive end (cathode) and a negative end (anode); in other words, the hydrogen atoms must have a “reason” to make this electrical circuit. And what is this reason? Oxygen. With oxygen at the other end, hydrogen is more than willing to create this current so that it can bind and form H2O, or water on the other end.