South Sudan at Risk of Genocide

Genocide is definitely a huge problem that has troubled the world in the past, and still continues to do so. The United Nations must intervene in genocide because it is their job. If they are not going to try and solve problems, then the supranational organization can be disbanded, and World War III will be the result. According to the Office of the Special Advisor on the Prevention of Genocide, the United Nations has a few roles when it comes to genocide. First of all, they are supposed to raise awareness of genocide, by teaching States and their governments to institute prevention mechanisms, and how to handle ethnic diversity so that the different ethnic groups can coexist peacefully. Secondly, they are supposed to collect information on serious violations of human rights and humanitarian laws, that if not stopped may lead to genocide. They, in a timely matter, must also report situations of concern to the Security Council. Lastly, they are required to mobilize the United Nations’ system and other key partners to conduct missions to countries where intervention is needed. As previous genocides have shown us, the United Nations do not perform these acts to the extent that they are required to do so. According to these genocide guidelines that were created at the Convention for Genocide Prevention, there is absolutely no excuse for mass ethnic atrocities and genocides. When, and if, the United

Canada prevented countless human rights violations committed to civilians because of civil war in South Sudan. South Sudan has several tribes, but the two largest (Dinka and Nuer) have had a long history of conflict. Additionally, the dismissal of the Vice President Riek Machar (Nuer) by the President Salva Kiir (Dinka) has plunged the two tribes into conflict once again (Conflict between Dinka and Nuer 1). Furthermore, the dismissal of Riek Machar led him to become the leader of the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement and sparked a conflict between the government of South Sudan and Sudan People’s Liberation Movement (South Sudanese Civil War 1). Examples of violations are the Dinkas ethnically cleansing the Nuer people, government troops attacking civilians in towns and sexual violence against women (South Sudanese Civil War 1). As a result, Canada created Operation SOPRANO and refugee camps in South Sudan to prevent further atrocities committed toward civilians (Operation SOPRANO 1). Additionally, Operation SOPRANO consist of Canadian Task Force members and their mandate is to “protect civilians, monitor and investigate human rights violations, create the conditions to provide humanitarian aid and support implementing a cease-hostilities agreement” (Operation SOPRANO 1). Furthermore, Canada supplied the United Nations with 500 million Canadian dollars and 600 peacekeeping troops. In summary, without the aid of Canada a

In 2006 the Sudan Liberation Movement split into two main groups. Sudan Liberation Movement (Minnawi) - this group is led by Minni Minnawi and signed the Darfur Peace Agreement in May 2006. Minnawi served as the Chairperson of the Transitional Darfur Regional Authority from its formation in 2007 to his dismissal in December 2010. The SLM-Minnawi faction formally withdrew from the peace agreement in February 2011. Sudan Liberation Movement (al-Nur) - this group was formed in 2006 and is led by Abdul Wahid al-Nur. It has rejected the Darfur Peace

Ever since the start of the civil war (December 2013) in South Sudan, tensions have been running high between two opposing groups. Those who support the President, Salva Kiir, and those who support his fired deputy, Rick Machar. This conflict has caused food shortages and disease for many people. The one thing the parties have in common is the brutal violence especially towards women. According to the article,

Sudan has had internal problems for many years. The country negatively affected itself from within. No outer force caused the issues at hand. Sudan experiences their first civil war in 1956. The issue came from economic, political, and social domination of largely non-Muslim and non-Arab southern Sudanese. The war lasted for about sixteen years and finally concluded in 1972. Unfortunately the violence

Soon after this new government and administration was established, conflict, unfortunately, came back again. It is important to note the environment that precipitated the conflict. Once South Sudan achieved their independence, the international community stepped away without giving much guidance. The government

Darfur is one of the nine states of The Republic of Sudan in the southern region of Sudan. Khartoum became the capital of Sudan and “wealthy Northern Arabs from around the Nile River received control of the government. Darfur and Southern Sudan were excluded from any real power” (Levy 16). Khartoum used starvation as a weapon of war, they prevented workers from delivering food to those who needed it in the south even though Khartoum clearly knew this was a violation of international law. Due to the lack of food over 500,000 people starved to death in the years of 1992 and 1993 (20). The United States and other countries of the international community pressured Sudan to begin discussing peace talks in 2001 and in the next few years. However, even though the peace talks were signed both parties failed to hold up their end of the compromise. This continued to happen in the next few years, each time the peace talks failed (20 and 29-31). Along with the starvation, drought water shortages, crop destruction by locusts, famine, and disease were recurring problems in Darfur (18).

The civil war was the caused by Khartoum’s failure to respond to the economic needs of a large region of Sudan, called Darfur. Thus, through neglect, a people were left economically marginalized and with a lack of political representation. Eventually, through desperation, a rebellion led mainly by non-Arab Muslim tribes was brought against the mainly

Acts of genocide have occurred for centuries even though the term genocide did not appear until the twentieth century. In 1948 the United Nations General Assembly passed a law that legally defined genocide and ruled it as an illegal act. According to the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG) Article II the definition of genocide is “any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such:

Sudan is a country in which had been affected with a history of civil wars, inhumane acts, and genocide. The Sudan Liberation Army (SLA) and Justice and Equality movement began to attack government targets in early 2003, accusing the president of Sudan, Khartoum of oppressing Non-Arabs. The government reacted with a campaign of ethnic cleansing. This resulted in over 400,000 deaths and hundreds of villages destroyed, wells were poisoned, live stocked was killed and millions of people sent to camps. The Janjaweed were forced by Sudan to attack their villages, the Janjaweed militias raided hundreds of villages throughout Darfur. Over 400 villages and ⅓ of Darfur’s people have fled. More than 100 people die everyday, five thousand people die every month. The Sudanese government denies any connection with the Janjaweed, because they are the ones who are responsible for such inhumane actions.

At the time, imperative sources such as food, water, and land were scarce so this began an uprising between the two groups as they fought for the space and resources. Overtime, the disputes became too severe that they called for military action to be broken up, which led to the region becoming rapidly militarized. This led to many weapons pouring into Darfur which only created more conflict between the people of the

The southern forces backed indirectly by the Soviet Union through Ethiopia reorganized into the Sudan Peoples’ Liberation Army and rose up against the North. At this point in the civil unrest, the war took on a religious aspect, fueled by Nimeiry‘s implementation of the Sharia, which is Islamic law. In 1986 a coup forced Nimeiry out of power and he was replaced by a coalition of northern political parties. On 1989 a northern coalition was overthrown by General Omar al-Bashir and Hasan al-Tarabi, a fundamentalist leader of the National Islamic Front. Sudan was turned into an Islamic dictatorship outlawing all other political parties except the National Islamic

Reason why they separate is due to Great Britain and Egypt. Also religion and races are other reasons. Great Britain and Egypt ruled Sudan until the year of 1955. Since Egypt and Great Britain ruled Sudan, they were already separated because thenceforth, they were in essence separated So that’s why even as they became independent from Great Britain and Egypt, they were many civil wars. Eventually, South Sudan people did vote whether they become independent from north or not. The most south Sudan people voted for independence. and these are all background why Sudan was separated into 2. Now, you guys already know Sudan was ruled by Great Britain and Egypt and I told that, at that t time, Sudan was already separated. Reason why I said this is

While still struggling to achieve peace with Sudan since its independence in 2011, South Sudan is now rife with inner-conflict. Rebel forces led by the former Vice-President Riek Machar want to overthrow the South Sudanese government, led by President Salva Kiir.

The origin of the war between these two regions goes back to the 1950s when the country, which was previously two separate nations, was made one after World War II by the west. Shortly after this union, Sudan was emancipated from England. 1983 marks the beginning of the violent relations between the North and South Sudan. The initiation of this conflict was brought forth by the Islamic Sudanese of the North, invading with military force the Southern Sudanese Christians . From 1983, it is estimated that at least two million people have been killed in the violent duration of this genocide, most of whom are of the Christian faith and lead non-violent civilian lives. Attention on human trafficking was brought into the international community’s scope with close proximity to the beginning of the violence as two professors from the University of Khartoum shed light on the subject. Ushari Ahmad Mahumud and Suleyman Ali Baldo learned about the genocide and enslavement being practiced on the Dinka people, a tribal group in the southern Sudan, and upon this discovery they dicided to investigate it further. What they found was that raiders from the north were killing the Southern Christian men and kidnapping the women and children to be sold into slavery. The most disturbing part of this discovery was the newfound knowledge that this had been going on for over two years. Professors Mahumud and Baldo