Standards rely heavily on the network effect, which is the idea that the effectiveness of a standard is based on the number of people who use it. As a result, standards that are complicated to implement, especially ones dealing with technology, are heavily dependent on incentives in order to get a sufficient amount of people to use it. Looking at PICS and PCI DSS, two Internet standards, where one succeeded and the other failed, we can see what makes standards effective online.
Platform for Internet Control Selection (PICS) was an Internet standard formed by W3C in 1996 to allow parents to filter content, primarily nudity. It was completely voluntary and up to the website owners themselves to label their own site. This is because the
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Payment card industries must follow step-by-step instructions in order to have transactions accepted. So why do these demanding standards work?
As Larry Lessig mentions in Code is Law, there are four areas that influence policy: law, economy, architecture, and social norms. Working on a sole standard together for security benefits everyone and is thus economical because the cost of losing customer data is enormous. On the other hand, competition for filtering software can at worst lead some to filter less porn than others. After the Communications Decency Act, which tried to limit obscenity and indecency on the web, was ruled unconstitutional, it removed all legal ramifications for not using PICS software. There is no reason to limit information. On the flip side ignoring PCI could land a company in court for negligence. A strong and commonly used standard works well as a legal benchmark for liability in protecting data.
The burden on the user also differs. Individuals are not expected to make sure their cards are PCI certified; the vetting process is done at a higher level and simply offers the user a binary choice of using a protected card or not. PICS not only requires owners to rate their sites, but also requires each user to choose what they find acceptable or not, placing much more burden on the individual.
Based on comparing where PCI succeeded and PICS failed, it appears that the core motivator is the law. The consequences of disobeying PCI
If you have ever bought something over the internet and used a credit card you may not have thought how secure is my information? Is this vendor someone I can trust with my credit card number? Will they inform me if my information is lost or stolen by them? These questions and many more can be answered by the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS). The PCI DSS compliance requirements are strictly enforced by the payment card brands to all merchants who transmit, store, or process credit card information. The main goals or objectives of PCI DSS are: build and maintain a secure network that is PCI compliant; protect cardholder data; maintain a vulnerability management program; implement strong access control measures; regularly
Payment Card Industry Security Standards Council (PCI) is a set of requirements designed to ensure that ALL companies that process, store or transmit credit card information maintain a secure environment. Essentially any merchant that has a Merchant ID (MID) (PCI Compliance
In a highly competitive market space, being compliant with PCI standards will make our organization more acceptable in the market, and also help build trust and confidence in our operation among healthcare providers seeking our services. In a constantly evolving threat environment with increased levels of data breaches in recent times, ensuring PCI compliance even though not mandated will help attract customers and would be good return on investment. Along with BAA signed with our clients, being PCI compliant would also ensure extra layer of protection by following the practices suggested by leading payment card brands like Visa, Mastercard, etc. who are constantly looking out for new emerging threats in the industry, and are proactive in incorporating changes to PCI DSS standards to minimize the impact of these new threats. Though complying with standards like PCI doesn’t ensure security, they provide a structure around which organizations can build their information security and assurance program, thereby helping them anticipate and mitigate new risks in the area of storing payment card
1. Relate a real-world case study on the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) standard noncompliance and its implications.
The major credit card companies formed the Payment Card Industry Security Standards Council. This council was created to combat lack of security, hackers, and misuse of cardholder information. The council
Pornography is the explicit, sexual images that we wish to protect our children from, but there are other ways. It is estimated that sexually explicit sites are the only sites on the Web making money, even though there is so much competition. Using this information we can assume that the majority of the people on the Internet want and use this pornography at their own leisure and are not at all offended by it in the slightest. Further research has shown that in Australia 70% of (the) people want X-rated material readily available. There is a market out there for such material and if the Internet is censored, many successful businesses will become ‘unacceptable’ to the rules and guidelines set by the censors, but if we want it, it should be allowed to be accessible.
It is likely that the huge number of card breaches at U.S.-based organizations over the past year represents a response by fraudsters to upcoming changes in the United States designed to make credit and debit cards more difficult and expensive to counterfeit. Non-chip cards store cardholder data on a magnetic stripe, which can be trivially copied and re-encoded onto virtually anything else with a magnetic stripe.
A new type of credit card is starting to become more familiar in the Unites States, called a chip-and-PIN card. The chip-and-PIN cards contain an embedded security chip and a traditional magstripe. This embedded security chip ensures that the card cannot be duplicated, as it masks the payment data uniquely each transaction. The problem with this alternative is that they cost significantly more to make than traditional payment cards and most merchants do not have systems that are capable of accepting the new chip-and-PIN cards. However, in October of 2015 if you have not changed your systems to support chip-and-PIN cards, the liability of the data breach now falls on the merchant, rather than the banks.
Finally, in 2004 major card industries such as JCB, VISA and MasterCard formed a regulatory body and set of rules to govern the card industries, no matter if their small or large business joins. Subsequently, in 2005, the standard became mandatory to be followed by all card industries and became known as PCI DSS standard and now PCI standard. It applies to all companies that stores, processes or transmits cardholder information Card, and mail / phone order.
Any discrepancies are required to be sorted before final authorization. This feature of P-Cards shifts partial responsibility from account payable to card users and promotes cost savings for the university. However, the process requires a successful ecommerce platform that can integrate with the financial record planning system of the university and record each transaction to simplify the reconciliation process. UVic currently uses BMO internal solution to capture the transaction information but doesn’t provide much support in terms of cross verification and reconciliation. This explains the second important problem that is required to be addressed for an effective and successful commercial card payment
For the vast majority of traditional payment processors, chargebacks translate into unsustainability or even untrustworthiness.
To illustrate the ways Congress structured the bills to censorthe Internet it is necessary to look at the specifics of the three bills. The first of these three bills to beintroduced was the Communications Decency Act of 1996. In general, this Act dealt with many issuesregardingtelecommunications and obscenities. The major goals of this billwere: 1)obviously label sites that have graphic material, so as to be easilyidentifiable,2) have filters built into Internet software, and 3) to make aboard thatwould oversee limiting the reach obscene sites have concerningchildren (UnitedStates CDA). The maingoalhere seems to be making sites with adultcontent easily censored byparentsor the community in general. The Child Online Protection Act was initiated in 1998after the ACLUtookthe Communications Decency Act to court in Reno v. ACLU,and won; with theSupreme Court’s unanimous declaration that this Actviolated the FirstAmendment. COPA differs from the previous Act in that itdealt exclusivelywithonline issues. ThisAct states thatthe government has a responsibility to protectchildren fromthings that mayharm them psychologically or physically, suchas
Because of this new Chip technology fraudsters are changing their techniques, as well as finding other ways to take your money out of your bank account and charge your credit card.
With how vast and expansive the internet is today, online censorship is a huge debate that will always be ongoing. There are mainly two sides of this debate. One side says that online censorship is needed no matter what, and the other side says that the internet is free and that the internet can never be controlled by the on company or even the government. While both sides have a great point, there is still a side to take.
The Internet offers a huge wealth of information, both good and bad. The Internet began as a small university network in the United States and since then has blossomed into one of the biggest if not the biggest telecommunications network covering the entire world. It can be considered as one of the most valuable types of technology. During the past several years we have come to become more and more dependent on the Internet and in particular moving huge chunks of data across large distances. The Internet allows people to communicate with each other across the world within mere fractions of seconds with the help of E-mail. The Internet also allows for expressing opinions and obtaining up-to-date information