Statistical Methods
Data management and statistical analysis by SPSS software version 13 was used. Baseline laboratory markers were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or standard of error (SE) when appropriate. Progression free survival and overall survival were analysed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Paired t test was used to compare AFP, size and number of focal lesions after therapy. ANOVA test was used when appropriate, P< 0.05 indicating statistically significance result. Results
The baseline characteristics of 15 patients were shown in table 1. 4 patients had one focal lesion (26.7%), 3 patients had 2 focal lesions (20%), 5 patients had 3 focal lesions (33.3%), 3 patients had four focal lesions (20%). 11 patients had portal vein thrombosis (73.3%). The mean of the sum of tumoral size in its longitudinal diameter is 10.5 ± 4.1 cm, mean Child Turcotte Pugh score was 6.33 ± 0.3, MELD score 13.7±1.4, PS < 2. The patients were given the planned medications and followed up after 1 month with AFP level, abdominal USG and triphasic CT to detect the number and size of lesions. During therapy, 6 patients developed rising bilirubin (40%) to grade 3 which improved after adding ursodeoxycholic acid, worsening thrombocytopenia in 4 patients (26.7%), melena in 2 patients (13.3%) which were improved with temporary cessation of therapy. Hand and foot syndrome in 3 patients (20%).
After one month of therapy as shown in table 2; a highly significant reduction in size of lesions
The information in the table below refers to the 2008 model year product line of BMW automobiles. Identify the Individuals, variables, and data corresponding to the variables in the table below. Determine whether each variable is qualitative, continuous, or, discrete. Please refer to problems #51 and #53 on page 13 for examples.
For lesions > 3 cm TACE should be preferred because its effectiveness appears to be better in well-vascularized tumors with large feeding arteries and the possible advantage of DEBs-TACE over lipiodol-TACE should be investigated in future studies. Also the role of alternative treatments such as MWA and TARE needs to be investigated in a larger number of patients. But it must be clear that the use of any type of treatment as a Downstaging tool in patients with decompensated liver should be cautiously to avoid irreversible liver failure and severe complications precluding LT. ( Clavien PA et al.,2012).
Wolchok does not name specific instruments used for measurements, discuss reliability in terms of type and size of reliability coefficients, or name specific control procedures. The success rates of the different types of treatments are determined by visible tumor growth difference after treatment is administered as well as overall survival. Wolchok also notes that measuring success among immunotherapy treatments can be difficult and take nearly double the time to see results than other treatment methods. Even in patients whose brain scans show tumor growth 12 weeks after the treatment has begun, the growth may be indicative of T cells and other immune cells flooding the tumor. Henceforth, the difficulty of determining success among patients being treated with immunotherapies is far more perplexing than patients who have undergone chemotherapy or
Statistics are used in many different ways in my workplace. The use of statistics is for the improvement of quality care and safety. Statistics are also used to measure employee compliance in regards to hand washing and proper use of policies and procedures. We also use charts and graphs to show infection rates, skin integrity, falls within the facility, budget concerns, and many more. These graphs help hospital personal improve care and safety to provide quality care to all patients. Graphs can also be used to measure patient and employee satisfaction.
comprehensibly to analyze for a diagnosis of cancer or the potential outcomes of the disease process
What I gathered from the thoughts and facts of the 2014-2015 AP Statistics students, were explicit insights on how rigorous and demanding the class is going to expect from me. I understand my math background has not placed me at the best starting point for AP Statistics, but I also know that statistics is not like algebra. In Algebra I would spend hours after school trying to understand the material, only to receive little to no progress on the days a test. I recognize that in Statistics we will be given homework every day, but will not have it collected or graded all of the time, and acknowledge that it will take discipline, maturity, as well as self motivation to not fall behind and get it accomplished because in the end it could either set
To analyze the collected data, the researchers used the statistical software - Statistical Package for the Social Services (SPSS). The collected data was analyzed using the descriptive and inferential statistics. Performed tests included the t test, the chi square (2), and the logistic regression (David, Britting, & Dalton, 2015, p. 250). The general research question was: if the addition of a cardiac acute care NP to care teams would improve utilization outcomes. To answer this question, the researchers examined and compared data collected from 2 groups; one with an NP and a second without an NP. In order to find the difference between the two groups, the t test (for interval and ratio data) and 2 (for nominal data) was calculated. The
Recurrence rate was 1.9% (12 patients), in which all patient were retreated conservatively and had complete healing, none required surgical intervention.
Cutting the blood flow off as early as possible provides the best method for controlling growth and eliminating the tumor. As one of the leading causes of death worldwide, NSCLC has very few methods to treat the illness (Koepany, Smyth, and
We identified BRFSS data as the main data source that can be used to find characterize the health needs of disability populations through Disability and Health Data System (DHDS), To reach the team milestone of “Analyze and load data, and develop supporting content to provide 2016 disability and health surveillance data in online tool” I conduct DRE ‘ team’s transition DHDS to THE new platform task by participating the system design meeting, in charging analysis data, and producing related documentation.
It is difficult to use term cure for these tumors. Even in long term follow-up late recurrences occur after initial remission with surgery (1). In fact, we should have been able to achieve cure after surgery for microadenomas.
For patients with favorable early-stage disease, two to four rounds chemotherapy treatment is used. “The standard for chemotherapy is the ABVD regimen: doxorubicin (Adriamycin), bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine.” Patients with B symptoms or intermediate stage are treated to four to six rounds of chemotherapy. Usually these patients are treated with, “BEACOPP (bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin (Adriamycin) cyclophosphamide, vincristine(Onocovin), procarbazine, and prednisone)” (Lewis, p.670) Radiation is also used in conjunction with chemotherapy depending if the disease is resistant and the location of the disease. Positron emission tomography (PET) and CT scans are used to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment. (Lewis,
Surgery is the oldest type of treatment for cancer. In its earlier use, surgery was not as successful as it is today. This was due to the difficulties involved with the anesthesias, excessive blood loss,
A total of 40 patients (64.5%) were restaged after modified-FOLFIRINOX treatment. The response of these patients was evaluated and is shown in Table 2. No CR was observed, while 13 (32.5%) patients with MPC showed PR. PD was the most common response in MPC (n = 16, 40%). A total of 54 patients (87.1%) presented with elevated CA19-9 levels before chemotherapy and the response was evaluated in 32 of them. A decrease in CA19-9 was observed in 25 patients (25/32, 78.1%) at the first response evaluation time point. The median survival time of the decreased group was 12 months, while that of the others was 7 months with a p-value of less than 0.01 (Figure 1a). A temporary increase in CA19-9 levels (more than 1.5 times baseline) was observed in 11
IBM SPSS Statistics 21 was used to input and analyze the data. Our sample of 407 consisted of participants; 204 males and 203 females, with an age range of 18 to 66 years and a mean age of 21. A total of 96% of the participants were undergraduate students, 1.5% were professors, and 2.5% were other/unidentified. The overall classifications of race/ethnicity were comprised of mainly Caucasian at 55.5%, followed by African American at 30.7%, Hispanic at 2.9%, Asian at 1.2%, and lastly other/unidentified at 9.6%.