STEM CELL THERAPY TO TREAT COLON CANCER
By: KINJAL SHAH
STEM CELL THERAPY TO TREAT COLON CANCER
ABSTRACT:
Cancer is one of the top life-threatening diseases, accounting for an estimated one in four human deaths in all age groups. Cancer remains one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity throughout the world. Despite improved treatment models, many tumors remain unresponsive to traditional therapy. The major obstacle to the development of effective cancer therapy is believed to be the absence of sufficient specificity. Since the discovery of the tumor-oriented homing capacity of stem cells (SCs), the application of specific anticancer gene-engineered SCs has held great potential for cancer therapies.
WHAT IS COLON CANCER?
Cancer is a class of diseases characterized by out-of-control cell growth. Colon cancer forms when this uncontrolled cell growth happens in the cells of the large intestine. Most colon cancers originate from small, noncancerous (benign) tumors called adenomatous polyps that form on the inner walls of the large intestine. Some of these polyps may grow into malignant colon cancers over time if they are not removed during colonoscopy - a procedure looking at the inner lining of the intestine. Colon cancer cells will invade and damage healthy tissue that is near the tumor, causing many complications. After malignant tumors form, the cancerous cells may travel through the blood and lymph systems, spreading to other parts of the body. These
Colon cancer is a condition in which polyps form in the lining of the colon (large intestine).
cancer stem cell: current controversies and new insights” National Institutes of Health (995) December 5, 2005]
The signs and symptoms of colon cancer include blood in the stool, weight loss, change in movements in the bowel and fatigue. Most colon cancers are adenocarcinomas because they begin in the cells responsible for making and releasing mucus and other fluids. Colon cancer usually begins as a type of growth known as a polyp which forms in colon or rectum’s inner wall. Some polyps may develop to become cancer after some time. Diagnosing and removing polyps is used to prevent cancer. In the United Kingdom, colon cancer is 3rd most common type of cancer for women and men. However, deaths associated with the cancer have been decreasing after the use of colonoscopies as well as fecal occult blood tests which are used to check for the presence of blood in people’s
First, we must understand what cancer is and how it forms, cancer is “a malignant and invasive growth or tumor, especially one originating in epithelium, tending to recur after excision and to metastasize to other sites.”1 it is when normal cells mutate and begin to reproduce at such an accelerated rate that body does not have time to get rid of these bad cells and a mass begins to grow creating a problem for the body.
Squamous cell carcinomas cancer is the most common colon cancer in the United States. It is located within the anal canal and around its walls. This sparks my interest because it is quite odd to me that cancer could occur in the anal canal or outside of it. It really shows how cancer can literally occur anywhere in the body. Even Though it is located in the anal canal, the cause of colorectal cancer is usually due to many other reasons that has nothing to do with the colon itself. These causes are the amount of exercise a person have, any smoking or drinking, even if the person is overweight, or attaining HPV. There are also many causes that can not be changed by your lifestyle, for example if you have the genes to have colorectal cancer or
Cancer is a disease that has been an ongoing controversy on what can help to prevent getting it. Cancer is when cells are dividing at an uncontrollable rate. Cancer is developed when cancer cells go into lymph nodes and also when they take over the blood vessels, lymph nodes are when there is swelling the the lymphatic system. With the cancer there is swelling which is called a tumor. Tumor is when there is swelling in the part of the body that is not caused by inflammation, but is caused by a large group of abnormal tissue cells. There are two different types of tumors. There is the malignant tumor which is a tumor that can be cancerous which is when the cells divide at a faster rate, and can also take over tissues. The other tumor is a benign tumor, which is a noncancerous and could be removed, and it cannot take over any near tissues. Genes play a big role in cancer itself. Cancer happens when a gene is mutated and changed, and when the gene becomes mutated it becomes abnormal. Because it is not a normal cell, its a mutated cell which makes it more cancerous. One gene that is a cancerous cell is a proto-oncogene which is a normal gene, but if it is mutated or changed it becomes a oncogene which is then now a cancerous cell and then divides into multiple different cancerous cells that can affect one 's body. The proto-oncogene can escalate if mutated into a cancerous cell. Which
In order to properly understand this cancerous condition, this question must first be addressed: what is cancer? Generally, cancer is when cells in the body begin growing out of control. Instead of dying when they are supposed to, the cancer cells continue to grow in size as well as produce more
Colorectal cancer is cancer of the colon. It is also referred to as colon cancer. It is mostly found in people over the age of fifty. In the United States alone, it is the second leading cancer killer in the US. Colon cancer has four stages of cancer. The cancer can either be malignant or benign. The anatomy, signs and symptoms and treatments are all very important things to consider when encountering colon cancer.
Colon cancer is caused by polyps or abnormal tissue that develop on the colon. By getting a colonscopy doctors can detect the polyp or tissue and remove it before it becomes a cancer. Physican Assistant Daniel Facchia says people 50 years old should get screened every ten years. "Colon cancer doesn't really have signs or symptoms
Colorectal cancer is brought about by an abnormal growth of cells that have the ability to invade or spread to other parts of the body in the colon or rectum of the large intestine.
A malignant neoplasm is the medical terminology for Cancer, there are many types of cancers, however, they all are comprised of unregulated cells that show growth or a change. These cells that are cancerous, grow at a hasty rate and will take over other parts of the body, whether being another organ or tissue surrounding the compromised body part. This can also involve the lymph nodes, as well as travel through the bloodstream. There are many influences that contribute to the chance of developing cancers, some of these factors include tobacco use, being overweight and not physically active, exposures to chemicals, and poor nutrition and dietary selections, ones with mutagens in foods, continued or excessive consumption of alcohol, eating foods which are high in fats, and red meat just to name of few. Other types of cancer may be factored by family history, known as a genetic risk, as well as certain viruses that
Malignant tumor or malignantneoplasm, also known as cancer, is a disease caused by abnormal cell growth. The cell is potential to spread to other parts of the body. But not all tumors are cancerous such as benign tumors. They do not invade to other parts of the body. Some people may have symptoms such as abnormal bleeding, a prolonged cough, a new lump, unexplained weight loss, and a change in bowel movements among others. But those symptoms do not only indicate cancer, they can also occur because of other issues. Actually, there are over 100 different known cancers that affect humans.
According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, about 1 million Americans will be diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease this year, 1.7 million diagnosed with any type of cancer, and over 29 million diagnosed with either type 1 or 2 diabetes. Although these diseases are very different from each other, and even more contrasting between each individual case, all three are known as degenerative diseases, a progressive loss of organ or tissue function that is many times permanent. With a rise in these diseases, the future of many Americans could be threatened or even shortened. To reduce the amount of people that are diagnosed and die from degenerative diseases, stem cells should be utilized as a treatment because they are easily accessible
Stem cells are a growing phenomenon in the cancer research world. Researchers are getting closer and closer to a cure, they are exploring other options to treat cancer. Stem cells are relatively new to the medical world, making their first appearance in 1956 (”Timeline for Stem Cell Research”, 1), and as with everything, there are flaws. Despite these flaws, stem cell treatment is something more people are turning to, as it is widely becoming one of the most popular ways to treat cancer (besides radiation and chemotherapy, respectively). Stem cell treatments are not accepted by all, as the rising questions are becoming, ‘Do stem cells worsen cancer?’, or better yet ‘Can stem cell treatments give rise to new types of cancer?’ My purpose in this paper is to discuss not only the bad, but also the good in stem cells.
Colon cancer is a cancer of the digestive system tracts lower ends. There are more the 200,00 U.S cases per year. The symptoms are pain in the abdomen, pelvis or rectum. It's common to have weight loss when having this type of cancer. The whole body might suffer of loss of appetite, anemia or fatigue. The abdominal might have cramping, discomfort or a lump in the abdomen. The only treatments for colon cancer is prescription drugs or a specialists. About 48,450 males were diagnosed with Colon cancer and about 26,270 have died because of it. All in total about 96,830 males and females were diagnosed with colon cancer. Then about 50,310