Stem Cell Therapy Research Paper

Stem cells have made significant promise to help people understand and treat a broad range of injuries, diseases, and other health-related issues. This type of treatment has saved the lives of many people with leukemia and can also be used for tissue grafts to treat conditions with the skin, bone and surface of the eye ("Nine Things to Know about Stem Cell Treatments"). Dilated cardiomyopathy (DMC) is a disease characterized by expansion of the left ventricular chamber and it is usually associated with systolic dysfunction. The presentations of the condition include heart failure, myocardial infarction, and arrhythmia and as a refractory life-threatening condition which can cause heart failure, transplantation remains the ultimate therapy for

The stem cells were engineered from typical skin cells. This technique means that heart patients would not have to worry about rejection. Their new hearts would be made of their own cells.

stem cells were discovered a long ago that they can be beneficial for fighting against the killer diseases but after passing of two decades of the discovery it has been profound that (hESCs) are being tried as a treatment for two noteworthy illnesses: heart fail and type 1 diabetes.

“Through the isolation and manipulation of cells, scientists are finding ways to identify young, regenerating ones that can be used to replace damaged of dead cells in diseased organs. This therapy is similar to the process of organ transplant, only the treatment consists of the transplantation of cells rather than organs. The cells that have shown by far the most promise of supplying diseased organs with healthy cells are called stem cells.” (Chapter Preface)

From the patients that were given the stem cell therapy; 3.4 percent died and 37.9 percent were hospitalized with cardiovascular problem. In comparison to the placebo in which 13.7 percent died and 49.0 were hospitalized with cardiovascular problems. Patients given stem cell therapy also on average had a longer amount of time until their first adverse event caused by their class III or class IV heart failure. Other measures of heart function and quality of life like walking, running, regular daily tasks, the amount of blood pumped out of the left ventricle with each contraction proved that improvements were present in the group receiving Ixmyelocel-T compared to the placebo group not receiving

After a heart attack, the heart is unable to regenerate cardiac muscle cells known as myocytes which diminishes the heart’s pump function. The heart tries to heal itself by changing the damaged or dead heart muscle cells into scar tissue. However, the scar tissue cannot function as a muscle so it does not contribute to the cardiac contractile force. Overtime, this leads to a greater burden on the remaining viable heart muscle which eventually leads to heart failure. Current treatments such as autologous grafting and commercially available fillers incur donor-site morbidity and volume loss over time. Other transplantation therapies do not directly address the loss of cardiac myocytes, which leads to the drive for more research in cardiac regeneration.

We are entering a brave new world where one can grow a heart in a petri plate then go on to surgically putting it into a real living boy who desperately needs it. This sounds like a tale of fiction. However now, scientists are currently working to produce such organs that save lives and obviate the usual failure and feared rejection by the recipient’s body. Stem cell research has traditionally been perceived to be horrific when it destroys a living embryo itself in the process. However new sources and methods are thought to be the solution to stem cell and organ formation, especially since scientists use different way to go about the production of the stem cells. Various methods are now nearly usable and even in place in the last several years alone. Stem cell research is a viable growing field of interest.

Stem cells have the ability to grow heart cells, which can further lead to new discoveries in medicine. A team of scientists researching stem cells “has grown the earliest form of human heart cells from embryonic stem cells and found a way to direct them into the three major cell types found in the human heart”. This demonstrates the morality of stem cells because they can develop into a helpful tool to grow heart cells. Furthermore, the experiment’s goal is that “[the] lab created cells could be used to grow new heart tissue or repair heart muscle damage” (Ogilvie, 1). If people continue to put their hope in the benefits of stem cell research, then eventually it will be able to not only just grow heart cells but the tissue itself.

Therefore, much of the critic’s arguments are invalid due to the fact that the embryo won’t develop into a child. Stem cells are the beginning of an enormous scientific breakthrough, a breakthrough that critics are simply putting off. Embryonic stem cells have the potential to treat some of the worst diseases we face today, such as cancer. Many critics argue that adult stem cells offer a good alternative. However, adult stem cells have become specialized and only have the ability to become specific type of tissue. Unlike adult stem cells, embryonic stem cells have the ability to create any type of cell within the body, as well as replicate themselves. This difference is proof alone that embryonic stem cells are vital to treating the more complex illnesses. Due to this, embryonic stem cells would create a larger bank of replacement cells and tissues. This is important because although there is organ and tissue donation, there is a higher demand for them than we have to supply. With embryonic stem cells, there would be more available treatment for patients with diseases such as macular degeneration, spinal cord injuries, heart disease, and more. In the case of heart disease, with the use of embryonic stem cells, healthy heart tissue could be generated in the lab and then transplanted. This would lead to a quicker treatment option than waiting for an available tissue and organ through

This is important for nursing because these primitive stem cells could help to be an alternate therapy that can be used to help patients. The ability of having the heart to regrow could reduce the

Opposed to performing heart transplants after a myocardial infarction, cell sheets can be attached to the existing cardiac muscle in order to repair the damaged tissue, sticking the sheet to the heart without sutures. The researcher’s extracted bone marrow from a pig, washed away all red blood cells with a solution, and used reverse transcription so RNA makes cDNA. These cells were placed in a petri dish until the cells floated to the top of the culture, they were then placed in a different culture set at 37 degrees Celsius where two more cell layers were added on top of them. The cell sheets were placed on 5 different pig hearts on the left ventricle either basal or apical side up, after 15-60min the sheets and heart tissue underneath were removed for analysis under a scanning electron microscope. The basal side adhered to the heart tissue better than the apical side, showing a solid connection with the heart tissue about 30 minutes after being inserted. During open heart surgery, the chest should remain open at least 30 minutes after inserting the cell sheet in order to confirm it has properly stuck to the heart tissue. This study is significant because it demonstrates progress toward effectively using cell sheets to treat the heart after myocardial infarction.

Over the decade, stem cell research has been ongoing around the world experimenting ways to control stem cells safely and effectively in the hope of curing as many diseases and help as many patients as possible. Stem cells are the foundation cell of our bodies. They are immature blood cells that have the remarkable potential and the ability to divide and form hundreds of copies and develop into various types of cell. Thus, it can be used to develop healthy tissues or organs to replace those that are damaged. In theory, there is no limit to the types of diseases that could be possibly treated with stem cell because it has the potential to develop into many different types of cell in the body. There are many people suffer in

Millions suffer from many different diseases and problems. What if a cell can possibly fix it all? Scientists are believing that stem cells can be very helpful in the cure to many of these situations. Alzheimer’s disease, heart disease, spinal cord injuries, and hundreds of other genetic disorders are thought to be cured by stem cells. After a heart attack, the

stem cell state, just like the way in which iPSC’s are produced, but recent research has shown ways in which adult cell types in general could potentially be reprogrammed to other cell types in the laboratory (5). This means that if this process was perfected, not only will stem cells themselves be able to be reprogrammed, but eventually all cell types in the body. It is evident that this would be a major breakthrough for modern medicine and it is limitless on the impact it would make to current treatment methods and even many diseases and conditions. For example, after a portion of the heart experiences a heart attack, that area is then dead and can not be revived, but if reprogramming could be used on general cell types, this could change fibroblast in the scar tissue present into fully functional cardiac cells, reversing the damage done by the heart attack (4). This would be a major future implication if the process of reprogramming could potentially be mastered in general cell types (5).

For example, it might grow to be possible to make healthy cardiovascular system muscle tissue in the laboratory and then transplant those coronary heart muscle cells into individuals with long-term heart disease. Preliminary research in mice shows that bone marrow stromal tissues, transplanted into a damaged cardiovascular system, can have beneficial and successful results. Whether these cells can generate heart