Stereotypes Of Language And Discourse

wise woman once said “Stereotypes are fast and easy/ but they are lies/ and the truth takes time.” Deb Caletti. This quote follows stereotyping by saying that they are fast and easy, but what people tell them are not always true. That what people say about someone doesn’t always mean that they have to believe what they are saying. People don't defines them, the only person that define them is themselves. Stereotyping is a big problem in books, movies, and even the world.

Stereotypes are socially constructed, over-generalized views regarding a particular group of persons with certain characteristics that are widely accepted, and usually expected, in a society. The dominant group of a certain society, which in this case is probably Caucasians and men, usually creates these social constructions. Claude M. Steele, a researcher from Stanford University, performed multiple research studies on the idea and psychological effects of stereotypes on its victims. In his studies, he coins the term “stereotype threat” as the “social-psychological predicament that can arise from widely-known negative stereotypes about one's group,” which implies that “the existence of such a stereotype means that anything one does or any of one's features that conform to it make the stereotype more plausible as a self-characterization in the eyes of others, and perhaps even in one's own eyes” (Steele 797).

Through out history society has created many stereotypes and assumptions based on race and nationality to confine us into categories. The reality is not every individual fits a specific category because we are unique even within the same ethnicity group. In “On Being Told I Don’t Speak Like a Black Person” Allison Joseph illustrates some speech stereotypes that come hand in hand with her racial background and how even people from the same racial background and house hold don’t all sound a like. The author portrays that race and linguistic has a huge impact on our daily life and how society sees her different to others. Also, her own identity is being put in to question base on a linguistic stereotype. Furthermore, base on ones racial orientation society already have a certain expectation of what they assume the person is capable of and an expectation of how one acts like. When we put stereotypes on individuals we discrediting the individuals identity, we are making those people part of a group base on a assumption and stereotypes can not be used to describe a who group because not everyone fits into a certain category.

Prejudice, discrimination, and stereotyping are important topics at the cause of debating within social psychology. A stereotype is a generalization about a group of people, in which certain traits cling to all members, regardless of actual individual variation (Akert, Aronson, & Wilson, 2010). As humans, people assign objects and individuals into categories to organize the environment. Individuals do this for not only organization, but also survival. Is stereotyping inevitable? That is the question; according to Devine (2007), it is, but Lepore and Brown (2007) have to disagree. Devine believes that “stereotyping is automatic, which makes it inevitable.” On the other hand, Lepore and Brown are not convinced that stereotyping is

“Almost one in two (48%) Australian males, face an issue that they don’t want to talk about, the issues of manhood, masculinity and respectful love” – Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.

Linguistic stereotypes are an existent form of discrimination. Since, languages are criticized and mocked due to the connection between language and cultural character. Thus, language is significantly related to the identity of the speakers. In addition, languages are vulnerable to criticism due to differences in cultural behavior.

Throughout her writing, Jody Heymann establishes certain patterns including appeal to ethos, logos, and pathos. She establishes ethos by referring to “our government". This indicates that even though she is being critical, she is doing it on behalf of the audience. Then immediately in the next paragraph, she provides information that establishes her as an expert. She says she has “collected data" and has worked in projects associated with two prestigious universities. Without question, her voice is an informed one. Perhaps Heymann’s strongest appeal to logos is when she frames her viewpoint not as a women’s rights issue but as an economic one. She develops her argument for several paragraphs with facts and figures, especially from the data

There are many people in this world today that are being judged for their skin color, how they talk, where they came from, how they walk and their ethnic background. People like this are looked down on by society for just being themselves. Language, Gender and Culture can relate to power because men have more power than women by the way they speak, their income and their education. When it comes to language, gender and culture there is a lot of racial profiling that occurs.

The next article I examined was from NBC News, this article toyed with pathos right from the get go. The headline is “Trump Critics Dismiss New Immigration Order as Repackaged ‘Muslim Ban’” (Arkin). That plays with emotion by adding the idea of “Muslim Ban” because everybody has his or her own feelings and ideas within the connotation of that word. It also becomes a factor, because that is what the first immigration ban was dubbed before it was repealed, which shows an immediate sign of a more democratic bias. The article will go onto to convey ideas that makes the idea that this ban is a bad thing, and has religious prejudice within the order. The logos of the article is true, but gives a left-wing approach to the situation, which could affect

Embedded deeply in societal culture is the innate desire to put others into specific categories: customarily called stereotypes. Brent Staples had been on the receiving end of stereotypes for as long as he could recall. In Just Walk On By by Brent Staples, the author makes it abundantly clear, through the use of rhetorical devices such as imagery, expert testimony, pathos, and ethos, that he himself is aware of racial stereotypes and why society has them.

Language is arguably the most powerful tool in the world. Humans form certain stigmas to certain groups and is generally unintentional. Things like stereotypes are a common thing in our society. Even a name connected to a certain race, brings certain allegations about that person, may it be negative or positive. These negative allegations about a group of people eventually leads to prejudice. Prejudice can have enormous power over whole groups of people, like the social stigma of the Communist party. The author of this essay Gordon Allport graduated from Harvard College in 1919

A large portion of the world’s older generation possesses the mindset that smartphones are decreasing our intelligence. This view has been held for years and is understandable, but Daniel T. Willingham presents a different idea in his article “Smartphones Don’t Make Us Dump”. Daniel T. Willingham is a professor of psychology at the University of Virginia and is the author of Raising Kids Who Read: What Parents and Teachers Can Do. He gears his article towards the parents of the future generations; correcting their misconceptions and inserting a proper one using logos.

In this world there are many things people are guilty of, one of those guilt’s is stereotyping others , even if it wasn’t meant in a harmful are negative way we all have been a victim or the aggressor . This paper will discuses what stereotypes are, how they affect people and how stereotypes can affect society. However, the common factor in either situation is that no good comes from stereotyping others.

A sport is an activity involving physical exertion and skill in which an individual or team competes against another or others for entertainment. Sports originated in early history as males only, and was often used to see which male was more dominant. In today’s society sports have a different meaning and is played by both genders, but still holds a mentality of superiority. In this essay, I will be arguing the Social Constructs of Masculinity in Sports in the language and the actions used when performing these activities through both genders and how some actions are acceptable for one gender and not for the other. Using Laurel Richardson’s article Gender Stereotyping in the English Language, and X: A Fabulous Child’s Story by Lois Gould. The article and story will help distinguish the use of words in our society and how they are incorporated in sport and how the actions of a person that does not fit the social standard faces repercussions for their actions.

This is done deliberately through representations of the other by the dominant group, as they have the power to mark, assign and classify (Hall, 2001), to justify the subordination of these groups (Lorber, 1994). It is through these subordinate characteristics (stereotypes) assigned to the subordinate groups that they become the way in which the group is defined and hierarchically stratified on the basis of race, class, sexuality or gender and then become naturalised through discourse (Hall, 2001). For example black people are hyper-sexualised and characteristics such as barbaric and savage are associated with them (Hall, 2001). This then becomes the reason why black people are seen as inferior and in need of being subordinated, oppressed and marginalised. This is then articulated through discourse and by doing this the dominant group maintains power as it is connected with knowledge; knowledge that dominant groups aim to replace their own specialized thought so as to produce internalised oppression in subordinate groups (Collins, 1990).