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Stevenson's Argument Essay

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The underlying truth behind the existence of humanity is yet to be explained. The field of philosophy concerns itself with trying to offer an astute explanation to understanding the human existence as well as human nature. Yet, there is a blatant irony in humans trying to propose the reasoning behind their own existence. Are humans capable of providing justification of their own existence? Philosophers try to establish a concrete validation of these questions by using concepts of existence, epistemology, and morality. However, not all philosophical schools of thought seamlessly blend together in using these concepts.
Each philosopher possesses an intricate intellect that gains support from other philosophers as well as their own …show more content…

The idea of existence translates to understanding the rationale of ‘what’ is humanity in the state of nature and what it means to exist. Plato argues that the soul is one of the defining factors of human existence because a soul is predetermined before birth and exists beyond death. The thinker also goes on to argue that the soul is made up of three components: Appetite, Reason, and Spirit. (Stevenson 85). These aspects of the soul explain how one is able to surpass inner conflict and establish a sense of harmony. Stevenson agrees with Plato, “…he argues for the existence of a third element in our nature by examining different cases of mental conflict” (87). This supports the idea that the concept of human existence is not limited to just the human body. The mental conflict established by inner contradictions are explained by Appetite, Reason, and (or) Spirit. On the other hand, Aristotle argued that the soul was limited within the physical human body. Leslie Stevenson argues that there is a crucial difference between Aristotle and Plato, “The human soul or mind should thus be understood as not a thing, but as a distinctive cluster of faculties, including reasoning” (102). If only existence was examined, Plato and Aristotle’s philosophy falls short. It is incomplete without further support for epistemology and morality because the …show more content…

Hobbes’ stark rejection of Plato and Aristotle further justify the importance of the tripartite connection because Hobbes fails to establish a concrete explanation of human nature. For example, it can be seen in his explanation for the causes of quarrel, “First, competition; secondly, diffidence; third, glory” (Human Nature 95). This is based on a sensory concept of cause and effect—not true knowledge (epistemology). It delves more into the interactions between humans rather than an explanation of what does it mean to exist. He asserts that all humans are selfish, but does not provide rationale on why humans are selfish because being human has more depth than just selfishness and survival (Human Nature 96). Hume is similar to Hobbes, but his philosophy is focused on empiricism—just the facts unlike Plato. Namely, Hume uses aspects of epistemology to emphasis existence and

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