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Stress And Homeostasis

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‘The term stress describes a series of dynamical physiological and behavioral changes to promote survival in response to a stressor, with the brain being the critical interpreter of what is stressful’.
Stress as a useful adaptive response is a fairly new concept. In fact, a great emphasis on its detrimental effects has often disregarded the original purpose to evolution. Looking at the physiology of stress may shed some light on the problem of this protective response becoming so threatening in modern society, with more and more people getting stuck in dysregulation patterns, being these at psychological or somatic level.
First, a step back to the notion of healthy organisms will help identifying how homeostasis is maintained. Homeostasis is the capacity of an …show more content…

Being the human organism more complex, a number of subsystems are involved in maximising homeostasis, first of all the neuroendocrine system. This consists of the brain and its links with the body via autonomic nervous system (ANS), hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and neuroimmune system. Similarly, the most commonly involved systems in response to a stressor are the locus coeruleus–norepinephrine–sympathetic nervous system pathway, the HPA axis, the parasympathetic system, the immune system, and gene expression and alterations including epigenetic changes. However the latter are beyond the scope of this discussion.

The autonomic nervous system
The autonomic nervous system is critical in maintaining the organism in a state of wellbeing.
While the somatic nervous system regulates the motor efferent and sensory afferent pathways, the autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulates the autonomic, or visceral, effectors. These effectors include cardiac muscle, smooth muscle (blood vessels, bronchial tubes, stomach,

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