Axel Martinez
Mrs. Gallaher
English Composition
12-4-09
Strings, Strings, Everything is made of Strings
The Holy Grail of physics is to explain all the four forces of nature and matter/energy (they are both the same thing) into a single equation. This theory of everything will reveal everything about the universe, most importantly, how it began. So far the only game in town is string theory.
String theory is a purely mathematical theory that makes the bold claim that all matter and force particles are made of unimaginably tiny strings that vibrate in 10 dimensions. And the frequency which these strings vibrate determines the particle’s properties.
String theory has had a very interesting beginning, although the theory didn’t get popular
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Particle physicist reason that if we rewind the cosmic film back to the moments just after the big bang, some 14 billion years ago. When the universe was trillions of degrees hotter, the messenger particles for electromagnetism and the weak force would have been indistinguishable. Just as cubes of ice melt into water in the hot sun, experiments have shown that as we rewind the extremely hot conditions of the big bang, the weak and the electromagnetic forces would meld and unite to a single force called the electroweak.-Brian Greene.
Physicists also believed that in the initial conditions of the universe, at the very instant of the big bang. The electroweak and the strong force would unite becoming a grand unified force. Although this has yet to be proven (hopefully string theory will), quantum mechanics was able to explain how three of the forces operate on the subatomic level.
“All of the sudden, we had this consistent theory of elementary particle physics, which allows us to describe all for the interactions, being
Krause, C. (2015). Unifying General Relativity and the Standard Model. Retrieved 8 12, 2015, from The Faith of a Heretic: krauselabs.net
String theory proclaims that everything in our universe, from stars and suns to apples and atoms, is made up of incredibly small particles called strings. Strings are so small, that if an atom were the size of our solar system, a string would be the
All the behavior relating to particles and forces is described by the Standard Model but except gravity. It seems hard to prove and describe this force in microscopic forms. Over the years, it seems hard to formulate the quantum theory of gravity. In the attempt to describe the microscopic theory of gravity, the string theory emerged. The they attempt to complete, unify and give a consistent description of the fundamental structure of the universe. This
“The lights that filled the universe could be channeled, dissected, magnified, and measured by human ingenuity” (enlight, 2). There was a significant breakthrough in regards to what could be done in continuing to explore new theories.
Quantum Mechanics is the science of subatomic particles and their behavior patterns that are observed in nature. As the foundation of scientific knowledge approached the start of the twentieth century, problems began to arise over the fact that classic physical ideas were not capable of explaining the observed behavior of subatomic particles. In 1913, the Danish physicist Neils Bohr, proposed a successful quantum model of the atom that began the process of a more defined understanding of its subatomic particles. It was accepted in the early part of the twentieth century that light traveled as both waves and particles. The reason light appears to act as a wave and particle is because we are noticing the
To discover what the universe is made of and how it works is the challenge of particle
Modern physicists found, however, that at the physical extremes of nature-the microcosmic realm of atomic particles and the macrocosmic world of heavy astronomical bodies-the laws of Newton’s principia did not apply. German physicist, Albert Einstein, made public his special theory of relativity, a radically new approach to the new concepts of time, space, motion, and light. Building on Einstein’s theories, Werner Heisenberg theorized that since the very act of measuring subatomic phenomena altered them, the position and the velocity of a subatomic particle could not be measured
Cosmic strings are super-massive, ultra-thin cracks in the universe. 2015.Cosmic strings are super-massive, ultra-thin cracks in the universe. [ONLINE] Available at: http://io9.com/5661564/cosmic-strings-are-super-massive-ultra-thin-cracks-in-the-universe. [Accessed 10 June 2015].
To explain, beginning with the basic atomic building blocks, a perfect harmony of protons, electrons and neutrons must be in a balanced existence for any and all to even occur. In addition, through scientific study our species has discovered how notions of gravity, oxygen, and complex interactions between energy and matter all coexist (once again in perfect harmony) to create the moment us ‘humans’ take so fiercely for granted. Whether through direct social control, notions of ‘common sense’, popular norms, and all the other various politics of life it is easy to lose sight of the clarity, divinity, and simplicity of the
The most common scientific explanation of how our universe came to be, is the Big Bang Theory. Around 13. 8 billion years ago there was no sign of anything apart from darkness. Until astronomer Edwin Hubble made a remarkable discovery about how the universe was created. Edwin Hubble hypothesised the matter and energy in the universe was initially condensed in a very small and infinitely hot mass. A huge explosion, known as the Big Bang, then sent matter and energy expanding in all directions (Howell, n.d.).
The new physics undermined the Newtonian picture’s of the universe because until the nineteenth century, the view of the universe was based on Newtonian physics. Newtonian physics was that time, space and mater were relative, the universe is a machine and only obeys cause and effect, and atoms are a basic unit of mater. It wasn’t till the late nineteenth century that this idea was diminished. It was by a theoretical physicist Albert Einstein who published his “Special Theory of Relativity.” This book included the theory that absolute space and time were not fixed, as was believed by under Newtonian physics. By proving that small amounts of matter could be turned into large amounts of energy, Einstein pretty much shattered the thought of Newtonian
The Big Bang Theory is the name given to mark the event of the birth of the universe and is the scientific theory about what happen in the earliest moments of the universe, and how the universe was an extremely hot and dense of subatomic particles and radiation. The big bang let insights about how old the universe is and the universe is 14 billion years old and it has changed throughout its time.
discovery of nature that we commonly think of as the original physics. The town of
Due mostly to work by Albert Einstein, but also Ernest Rutherford and others, the scientific view of the universe took a drastic turn. These scientists recognized flaws in the classical Newtonian view of the universe. The recognition of these flaws led to the development of the Quantum Theory of Matter as well as Einstein's Relativity Theory. These theories, as well as the discoveries that they led to, incorporated the entire universe as being comprised of energy, and that particles, time, and space, are just different representations of this energy.
Introduction The Quantum Theory was the second of two theories which drastically changed the way we look at our physical world today, the first being Einstein’s Theory of Relativity. Although both theories revolutionized the world of physics, the Quantum Theory required a period of over three decades to develop, while the Special Theory of Relativity was created in a single year. The development of the Quantum Theory began in 1887 when a German physicist, Heinrich Hertz, was testing Maxwell’s Theory of Electromagnetic Waves.