Content analysis research is a mix of quantitative and/or qualitative research strategies to analyse communicative messages or text through a scientific process of analytical, inductive, and deductive techniques. Therefore, content analysis is the study of text and the underlying messages from that text. In a way, the reader/researcher needs to make inferences on what he/she is reading to understand the deeper message of the text being researched. Furthermore, this research usually falls in a 3 step process. The steps include, first finding and read a text and questioning the text/author, then the second step includes reading the text to find answers (inferences) to the questions and then finally a research question arises from the reading and questioning/inferring of a text. There are 3 types of inferences made while conducting content analysis research and those are inferring antecedents of communication, inferring about characteristics of a communication, and inferring about the effects of a communication.
Additionally, the research process that is usually involved with content analysis research includes creating a theory or rational then conceptualizing decisions on the
…show more content…
In this content analysis study, Marshall looks at social science research concerning gender in children’s stories, gender and sexuality of children’s bodies as cultural products in stories, and then 3 specifically variations of “Little Red Riding Hood” where poststructural feminist literary theory is applied. She starts off by defining the feminist poststructural literary theory, since it is applied to the research she conducted. This is a discourse theory that looks at the representation of gender and cultural struggles of girls and Marshall applies this theory to children’s
Regardless of time and space, revolutions bleed red. In Charles Perrault’s “Little Red Riding Hood,” the wolf eats Little Red Riding Hood. Critics claim that Perrault’s moral blames Little Red Riding Hood similar to how the victim is often blamed for rape. Similar to this, Cinderella and the Little Mermaid are criticized for suffering passively for a prince. Their suffering, however, also breathes life into the characters and contributes to a strong character development. Although many fairy tales, specifically “Little Red Riding Hood,” “Cinderella,” and “The Little Mermaid,” are accused as anti-feminist works, all of “Little Red Riding Hood’s” versions serve as a feminist outlet for women regardless of a time period’s context.
Feminist literary theory assumes that a text is not simply a work of fictional literature that is separated entirely from the physical world. In this lens, the boundaries are non existent. The circumstances of how a work was written influence its criticism and analysis. The location, gender and class of the author and characters are vital to a feminist criticism (Feminist Literary Theory 1) .
Analyzing the ways in which a piece of literature includes feminist ideologies can bring out the potential messages that the creators of these productions were attempting to portray, while allowing the reader to critique the literature from a feminist perspective.
Snow White is a fairy-tale known by many generations; it is a beloved Disney movie, and a princess favoured by many kids. But did you know the fairy-tale was made to teach young children, especially little girls, their duties in life? It also values beauty over knowledge, portrays women to be naive and incompetent, and assumes that women cannot understand anything other than common household chores. Throughout this criticism, I will be using the feminist lens to analyze the fairy-tale, Snow White, through the perspective of a feminist.
Research and analysis techniques allow us to examine the information or a problem in detail in order to identify key or vital elements, their strengths and weaknesses and use these to compile a persuasive argument, make recommendation or solve a problem. Making a simple decision may need intensive research, because our small mistake can destroy our image in the market. Seeking relevant information, and critical analysis provides enough space to solve the problem or make an effective
Inclusive gender representation in children’s books gives young people validation of their own identity and promotes acceptance within their community. Male, female, and transgender representation in children’s literature will be studied and the importance of representation will be explained.
In the past few decades, women have been greatly stereotyped and prejudged against due to their roles in literature and society. J.M Barrie’s Peter Pan is a classic tale about the adventures of a young boy who never grows old. When viewing this story, with the Feminist Critical Theory, one can see the negative portrayal of womanhood and its effect on a young audience. The portrayal of women in Peter Pan teaches the readers about gender roles and stereotypical characteristics, the insignificant role of women in society, and the sexualization of women.
Children’s literature is not an accurate reflection of the developing roles of females in America (Kortenhaus and Demarest, 1993). In Hamilton’s study of 155 best-selling non-award books in 1999 to 2001, nine best- selling award books, and thirty 1995 to 2001 Caldecott books, the results in titles showed a 1.8:1 male to female ratio, 1.8:1 in main characters, and 1.5:1 in pictures. The study also proved that female authors did not publish more books with more male than female main characters (Hamilton et al., 2006). In Gooden’s study of 83 Notable Books for Children over the years 1995 to 1999, the results showed a 1:1 male to female ratio of the main character, a 1.2:1 ratio in pictures, and the titles actually had 19 females to 18 males in them. The study also showed that women were depicted in non-traditional roles such as chefs and doctors. Males were still not observed grocery shopping or caring for the children (Gooden & Gooden, 2001). According to these results, male to female ratios have decreased to equity numbers in pictures, titles, and main characters.
Since the 1970s, there has been a significant increasing in academic interest surrounding gender in children’s literature. Peter Hunt (2009) argues literature has gained academic focus as society comes to recognise how it can shape it “in fundamental and long-lasting ways” (15-16). This is particularly true of children’s literature, which Hunt argues functions as an “introductory exposure” for children to “recurrent ideas” about culture and
It is often questioned whether tween literature is too mature for its targeted age group. With themes of murder, sexual abuse, neglect, and other forms of violence, both physical and psychological, there seems to be one topic that is slightly more prevalent when speaking about tween literature. Tween literature and culture is often marketed towards young girls and their parents, because of this, it becomes easy to talk about themes of feminism in tween literature. More specifically, due to the time period in which tween culture became mainstream, postfeminism is a topic that is often heavily discussed around tween literature. Both Gail Levine’s novel, Ella Enchanted, as well as Louise Fitzhugh’s novel Harriet the Spy, can both be analyzed using a postfeminist lense. By using a postfeminist lense in analyzing these books, the issues of postfeminism become apparent when addressing issues such as a false sense of choice for young girls, an idea that they must be ashamed for who they are and the views that they hold. It is further complicated when it becomes apparent that due to postfeminist ideology, women, and specifically young girls have lost the ability to articulate sexism when it affects them. Through these points of contention regarding postfeminism, it becomes aparent that society is not quite ready to hold postfeminist views, since there is still an imbalance of power that women face on a day to day basis.
In order to properly view a story from a feminist perspective, it is important that the reader fully understands what the feminist perspective entails. “There are many feminist perspectives, and each perspective uses different approaches to analyze and interpret texts. One is that gender is “socially constructed” and another is that power is distributed unequally on the basis of sex, race, and ethnicity, religion, national origin, age, ability, sexuality, and economic class status” (South University Online, 2011, para. 1). The story “Girl” is an outline of the things young girls
Many different factors have to be decided in order to perform research on a subject. Every researcher must first decide upon a subject to conduct the research. Once a subject has been decided then the purpose for the study needs to be announced. The design of research should be considered, how to obtain participates, what tools to use, and how to manage the results are things that also have to be taken into consideration before research is to begin.
In her transformation of the well-known fable "Little Red Riding Hood," Angela Carter plays upon the reader's familiarity. By echoing elements of the allegory intended to scare and thus caution young girls, she evokes preconceptions and stereotypes about gender roles. In the traditional tale, Red sticks to "the path," but needs to be rescued from the threatening wolf by a hunter or "woodsman." Carter retells the story with a modern perspective on women. By using fantasy metaphorically and hyperbolically, she can poignantly convey her unorthodox and underlying messages.
Data analysis that was undertaken was content analysis. Graneheim et al (2017) reports that qualitative content analysis is a method that is used to analysis quantitative data. It is a method that focuses on the subject and the content emphasises variation. The analysis was carried out in four various stages and direct quotes were used for participants within the study allowing for what they said to be shown exactly what was said within the paper.
Content analysis is a research technique focused on the actual content of media texts including internal features. Du Plooy, GM (2009:261-264) identifies eight creative concepts: • Provoking curiosity- in this creative concept a desire to understand something unusual is provoked by the body copy,’ for an example’, in a Jaguar advertisement the body copy implies that the XF, XJ and XK models of Jaguar do things that machines cannot do.