The abuse of alcohol and other substances has been an ongoing global epidemic amongst individuals of all ages, but mostly adolescents. This paper discusses the risk factors that an adolescent faces that end up pushing them to opioid use and addiction. It is a review of studies done in the past 5 years (2009-2014) on how big an impact domestic factors can have on an individual’s life. The various types of factors will be discussed, the affect a family members drug use can have on the rest of the household, how the closeness of a relationships within the family can impact the drug use, and the different types of drugs that can be obtained. It will also review the correlation between substance abuse and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). …show more content…
The highest levels of recorded use were in the established market economies of North America, Western Europe, and Oceania (Degenhardt & Hall, 2012). Between 14 million and 56 million people aged 15-64 years were estimated to have used an amphetamine-type stimulant (0·3-1·3%) (Degenhardt & Hall, 2012). The highest levels of use were near amphetamine-manufacturing countries in Southeast Asia. For cocaine, the number of users worldwide ranged from 14 million to 21 million (0·3-0·5% of the population aged 15-64 years) (Degenhardt & Hall, 2012). The largest market was North America, then western and central Europe followed by South America (Degenhardt & Hall, 2012). The global number of opioid users was estimated at 12-21 million people (Degenhardt & Hall, 2012). More than half these users lived in Asia, and the highest levels of use were along the main drug trafficking routes out of Afghanistan. (Degenhardt & Hall, …show more content…
Many of the individual factors include sensation seeking personality, impulsive behavior, psychological distress and being emotionally instable (Whitesell, et al., 2013). Two common individual factors are Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and depression (Whitesell, et al., 2013). Similar to that are adolescents that are victims of PTSD or other mental illnesses. Sexual orientation, gender and ethnicity are also individual risk factors (Whitesell, et al., 2013). ADHD is characterized by uncontrollable behavior, hyper activity (ranging from fidgeting to the constant need to move), and/or the inability to focus or and the lack of proper attention span (Whitesell, et al., 2013). Many studies, including a meta-analysis of 13 studies, have pointed towards childhood ADHD as leading to adolescent substance use. Specifically, children with ADHD have an increased chance of substance use, with the increased likelihood ranging from 1.47 to 3 times (Whitesell, et al., 2013). The 13 meta-analysis have shown that ADHD can particularly lead to alcohol and/or nicotine use (Whitesell, et al., 2013). Though many may believe it to be, it is not true that ADHD medication will increase the likeliness of abuse, but it might actually reduce the likeliness by almost half (Whitesell, et al., 2013). Clinical depression is
Miranda et al. (2014) stated that young adults with ADHD and as well comorbid disorders have a higher risk of abuse on nicotine, alcohol, cocaine, marijuana and other substance. Scully, Young and Bramham (2014) researched that seventy-three adults with ADHD were divided into two groups, one with a history pf offending behaviour, which were thirty people in total and of non-group offenders, who were forty-three people in total.
Substance abuse, the abuse of drugs or alcohol, is known to have a lasting impact on members of the abuser’s family (Crosson-Tower, 2013). Ultimately there are two ways in which a family can experience the detrimental effects of substance abuse within the family system itself, and those ways are through either substance abuse on the parent’s behalf or substance abuse by the adolescents or children in the family unit (Crosson-Tower, 2013). Substance abuse can have many negative impacts on a family unit; the negative impacts are known to be emotionally, physically, and mentally damaging (Gruber & Taylor, 2006).
The purpose of this paper is to identify the link between ADHD and substance abuse. Substance abuse is a true threat to people who are diagnosed with psychological disorders. Among the questions of precursors to substance abuse, lies the hypothesis that individuals diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) may become addicted to drugs or alcohol. Multiple studies have been done to either prove or disprove this hypothesis. This paper will discuss the results of those studies and demonstrate whether this hypothesis stands true
The existence of a myriad of social problems among teenagers that both parents and states have to deal with is a factor whose weight ought not to be treated lightly. The increasing level of drug use among the adolescents constitutes one of the ever increasing situations in the society and may, as a matter of fact, be a representation other underlying issues. The level of the situation in the contemporary world, though not discussed as much as it ought to be, has reached alarming levels. There seems to be an increasing predisposition among the use to take the drugs as it's reflected in the escalating trends of drug abuse among this generation of individuals (spooner, 1999). The ever deteriorating levels of this situation coupled with the widespread permissiveness in the society and the absence of attention from appropriate caregivers at different institutions only means that the need to address the problem is paramount. Different avenues of solutions can be applied in reducing the level of the problem and averting the massive negative consequences that come with the phenomena. Dealing with this issue is not a matter of instance as the different parameters of the problems, its causes and possible workable solutions have to be discovered. As such, research on these dynamics is a mandatory undertaking.
The substance abuse of a parent has a lasting and apparent effect on all young children. There are a number of substances that can become a problem in people’s lives, including but not limited to; marijuana, alcohol, stimulants, depressants, narcotics, hallucinogens and inhalants. Drugs critically affect the individual taking them, but also affect the members of the household, especially children. Not only does the person’s addiction emotionally, mentally, and physically affect the individual lives of other members of the family, but it tears apart relationships between the families. Arguments, disagreements, violence, and stress can derive from the abuse of drugs because of the tension it puts on one’s other members of the family.
The family is the fundamental source of attachment, socialization, and nurturing (Zimic & Jakic, 2012). When attachment needs are not met as the result of substance use multiple aspects of the family are affected. These include experiencing unmet developmental needs, poorly developed familial relationships, financial difficulties, and emotional and behavioral problems. In addition, children living in this environment have an increased risk of developing attachment and substance use disorders as well (Zimic & Jakic, 2012). The consequences of substance use disorders have a profound impact on the family system (Landers, Howsare, & Byrne, 2013). The family environment carries information indicating how substance use disorders begin and evolve. Substance use disorders create a dysfunctional family unit perpetuating emotional and behavioral patterns that result in negative outcomes (Landers et al.,
Substance abuse has become a notable public health threat to today’s adolescents. Substance abuse is associated with an array of behavioral and psychological consequences that can jeopardize the future of the young people. Lifelong dependence is another possible consequence of drug abuse among adolescents. Ultimately, counselors are supposed to come up with effective programs to address addiction issues among the adolescents to prevent them from relying on drugs in future. Counselors rely on direct counselling, group counselling, community collaborations and parent participation to make a difference in the lives of adolescents abusing drugs. Nonetheless, counseling adolescents with substance abuse is challenging and in order to make a difference, counselors must be prepared to handle those challenges.
Attention-deficit/hyperactive disorder (ADHD) has become one of the most commonly diagnosed mental health disorders in children and adolescent. “ADHD is defined as a chronic condition marked by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and sometimes impulsivity.” (Disney, 1999) There is concern about the possible connection between ADHD to substance use and abuse, during childhood and adolescence, since it is such an important developmental stage in life. “Substance abuse disorder is defined as a physical dependence, abuse of, and withdrawal from drugs and other substances.” (Biederman, 1999) The prevalence of substance use and substance abuse in recent years is a cause for concern and has been a matter of public and scientific
The case study Intervention: Dallas is about a girl named Dallas who has been addicted to drugs, such as heroin, for five years and how her family seeks help to make an intervention on Dallas. In the case study it is explained what factors that have been a part of Dallas’ drug-use, especially how Lisa, the mother, influences Dallas and Dallas’ addiction.
Substances abuse on today’s teens has become one of the main problems in the United State Society. Even though the Juvenile Department Center has create different programs and campaigns to help lower the rate of juveniles abusing substances, it seems hopeless. Now, this problem has directly affected Jane, who’s her son (which is a teen) has become involved with abusing three different substances. To be specific, Jane’s son has been abusing Percocet’s, Alcohol, and Marijuana. Jane has ask this author to provide her with facts in order to help her comprehend and help his son with the problem he has got himself into. Therefore, this paper will explain three things: explain the effects these three substances (Percocet’s, alcohol, marijuana) have on her sons, explain which drugs are addictive and what this means for treatment, and offer her the best treatment option/s for her son.
Substance use and abuse is a definitely a public health problem among American children and adolescents. According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, substance abuse is the excessive use of a drug or the use of a drug without medical justification. There are various different substances that adolescents are abusing. Alcohol is the most abused in adolescence with four in ten high school seniors consuming some type of alcoholic beverage in the past month and more than one in five engaging in binge drinking in the past two weeks. Tobacco is not much of an issue as it was in the past with the rates declining. Only one in ten adolescents have reported smoking in the past month. Illicit drug use is a growing problem in the US. By the twelfth grade, nearly half of all students have tried illicit drugs with marijuana being the most used but also include prescription drug use and aerosols (The Office of Adolescent Health, 2014)
How are Family Factors Related to Substance Use Change?” discusses the importance in family involvement in the adolescent treatment process leading to significant decreases in usage. The article backs up their conclusion with research administered among a number of adolescents and their Mothers in Quebec, Canada.
Jessica, I would like to say that I enjoyed reading your forum about substance abuse and substance use disorder. Individuals that are substance abuser does not have to have substance use disorder (Doweiko, 2015). Substance abuse does not always turn to the physical addiction of the substance (Doweiko, 2015). However, neither substance abuse nor substance use disorder are more important than the other. In both substance abuse and substance use disorder, the individual that uses the substance most likely feel that the incentive for repeating the use is more powerful than it is to not use (Doweiko, 2015). Many healthcare and human service professionals are not properly trained to treat substance abuse nor substance use disorder (Doweiko, 2015).
Substance abuse has long been a problem across the United States. Adults over drink every day and smoke many packs of cigarettes in only few days. However substance abuse it not only a problem among adults any more, adolescent teenagers are now also among those who are over using substance in a critical manner. Substance abuse is a growing problem for developing adolescence all across the United States and a good way to help battle this is needed.
The adolescent phase of life is a vital time of developmental sensitivity. Due to such vulnerability at this stage, substance use amongst this demographic has been linked to detrimental short-term and long-term mental health outcomes. In this essay, the mentioned articles generally refer to substance use as smoking tobacco, alcohol consumption and any other illegal drug use including stimulants, hallucinogens, opioids, etc. Evidence-based research has reinforced the correlation of substance use among adolescents and the behavioral, social, and educational consequences associated with this use (Springer et al. 2004). These negative outcomes are acknowledged as a threat to public health. McGorry and Purcell (2009) indicate that social networks