Summary : A Menace To The Community, By Mary Mallon

Mary Mallon was a woman of Irish descent who came to the United States as an immigrant to start a new life in 1886. She worked as a cook in a house where wealthy families came to celebrate their vacation. She was a healthy carrier of typhoid and made the guests sick and they died because of her. Although science had not been developed enough yet and she was tried unfairly it did not make her only a victim. Mary Mallon transformed from victim to villain. When she decided not to report to the police and return to cooking.

     The most powerful construction device used throughout the novel is the setting. The tenement houses in the 1890s were crowded, lacking in good sanitation, and filled with disease. Also, the people who lived in the tenement houses would often fight with each other. The houses were most often located in an alley with other dangerous sorts of people. The tenement house that the Johnson family inhabited was located in Rum Alley. Crane went into great detail in describing the tenement houses. “Eventually they entered a dark region where, from a careening building, a dozen gruesome doorways gave up loads of babies to the street and the gutter. …In all the unhandy places there were buckets, brooms, rags, and bottles. …The building quivered and creaked from the weight of humanity stamping about in its bowels.'; The people who inhabited these types of houses were relatively uneducated, which is shown through the dialect which the author used. “Den d’ mug he squared off an’ he said he was fine as silk wid his dukes-see? An’ he wanned a drink-quick. Dat’s what he said. See?'; The Johnson family is no acceptation to this. Both the parents were drunkards and frequently in fights. Therefore, this would be a terrible environment

Roberta Phillip-Robbins, a youth and a gang violence prevention specialist for Multnomah County declared she was running for Rep. Lew Frederick’s seat in the Oregon House representing North and Northeast Portland. Her top issues include making sure that the voices of Oregon’s underrepresented communities are better heard(Slovic, 2015). She says she wants to work hard to elevate those voices. The candidate should be responsible for representing the people. She says she has the heart for public service which she refers to the rent that one pays for the room on this earth. She was committed to running, winning and serving the residents of House District 43. "By signing this document, I hereby state that I will qualify for said office if elected" (Slovic, 2016).

The events that started autumn 1766 and continued for several years tested Mary's resolve more than any other time. Her sister, Rebecca, had contracted smallpox in November

In American industrial cities, late 1800s, Poor neighborhood were not the best place to live. With poor living conditions, poor sanitation and crowded housing, many epidemics of infectious disease spread into the poor population and touched even the wealthy class. Cities such as New York were crowded and workers were living in tenements, which were often cramped, poorly lit and poorly aerated. Moreover, these tenements lacked of adequate plumbing, therefore waste was flooding in the public streets. Streets was crowded of waste and garbage. Population was poorly nourished and has a poor life hygiene like water pollution and poisoned food and milk. Accordingly, infectious disease was the common death reason. Big cities had known outbreaks of

Using all the sources provided and your own research analyse the impact of the convict experience on the life of Mary Reibey. (800-1000 words).

The events that started autumn 1766 and continued for several years tested Mary's resolve more than any other time. Her sister, Rebecca, had contracted smallpox in November

Perhaps one of Mary Rowlandon’s most barbarous actions occurred during the eighteenth remove when she stole a piece of horse meat from a child. Rowlandson describes the incident

Mary Ann Cotton was born October 31 1832 and died on March 24 1873. She was England’s first female murderer as her murders reached the front cover of every single news stand in Britain. She is best known for killing three of her four husbands, apparently in order to collect on their insurance policies. Overall she killed and poisoned 21 people in total ,including eleven of her thirteen children. Moreover, she grew up in the City of Sunderland, Endlnad. At the age of 8 her parents moved the entire family to the County Durham village of Murton. While in school, she was extremely lonely and did not make any friends. Right after the move, her father fell to his death down a mine shaft. After her father’s death, her mother remarried to George Stott. Mary found it difficult to get along with him and at the age of 16 she eventually moved out to become a nurse.After three years studying to become a nurse, Mary’s dreams fell apart as she returned home to live with her mother and eventually became a dressmaker.

Although Mary did not always live with abusive families, the main focus in her book were the ones that treated her poorly. From roughly age twelve to her death in 1833, she was a subject to unfortunate treatment while living with the three families mentioned above, the Inghams, the D-s, and the Woods.

Many people recognize that gangs have been around for what seems like forever. What they don't realize is that the numbers are increasing to amazing proportions, there were 28,000 youth gangs with 780,200 members in the United States (in 2000) and 20% to 46% of those members are female (Evans). And what is even more shocking is, in Chicago alone there are 16,000 to 20,000 female gang members (Eghigian). These girls start out as ?groupies?, become members, and sometimes even leaders of all-girl gangs because of troubles in the home, a need for money, for the social scene, or just because it is all they know.

For this assignment I decided to read the book Code of the Street: decency, violence, and the moral life of the inner city by Elijah Anderson. This book is about how inner city people live and try and survive by living with the code of the streets. The code of the streets is basically morals and values that these people have. Most of the time it is the way they need to act to survive. Continuing on within this book review I am going to discuss the main points and arguments that Anderson portrays within the book. The main points that the book has, goes along with the chapters. These points consist of Street and decent families, respect, drugs violence, street crime, decent daddy, the mating game, black inner city grandmother. Now within

Cholera, transmitted by contaminated food and water. When the disease arrived in New York City in summer 1832, after traveling over trade routes from India through Russia and Europe across the Atlantic to Canada and down the Hudson River Valley, thousand of citizens died within weeks. Cholera struck again in 1849 and 1866 before New Yorkers learned how to contain the disease. Measuring the reaction of New Yorkers to these increasingly traumatic public health disasters shows how understandings of disease were filtered through contemporary ideas about class and social relations, conceptions of immigrants, and thinking about the responsibilities of the city's government in issues of public health in mid-nineteenth century New York. The first documented case of cholera was on June 24, 1832 in NYC (McNamara 2015). In the 1830s immigrants began to flood New York City, they often lived in poor conditions with compacted living areas. Along with immigrants, there was a small free black community in Manhattan (“History of Cholera in NYC” 2012). So the city was packed with different people from all over, many were living in poverty and horses and pigs ran freely in the streets. The environment became crowded and dirty, the perfect breeding ground for disease. Without a proper sewage system, human waste found its way into the City’s water supply. As the population of the City grew denser, several outbreaks of cholera occurred. Nearly 100,00 people fled to the countryside, when cholera hit the NYC (McNamara 2015). Many wealthy New Yorkers and those more well off, fled the city during cholera outbreaks in search of more “hospitable” environment. Those who owned buildings throughout the city refused to lease their spaces for hospitals, in fear of contamination. Most doctors worked to reduce the suffering of cholera victims. During that time, medical knowledge was limited and so were

Worldwide, typhoid fever affects roughly 17 million people annually, causing nearly 600,000 deaths. The causative agent, Salmonella enterica typhi (referred to as Salmonella typhi from now on), is an obligate parasite that has no known natural reservoir outside of humans. Little is known about the historical emergence of human S. typhi infections, however it is thought to have caused the deaths of many famous figures such as British author and poet Rudyard Kipling, the inventor of the airplane, Wilbur Wright, and the Greek Empire’s Alexander the Great. The earliest recorded epidemic occurred in Jamestown, VA where it is thought that 6,000 people died of typhoid fever in the early 17th

“In 1872, Alfred Haviland stated that ‘typhoid fever is now a national disgrace; we ought not to rest until we reduce it to one simply local or personal; its existence will then become punishable’” (Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences [JHMAS], 2010). Typhoid was not the only disease that plagued London at the time, cholera was also very widespread. “Before the cholera outbreak of 1849, it was believed that Thames water abstracted between the bridges in London was perfectly safe, as testified by the evidence of many experts, but that belief cost London 25,000 lives in 1849 and 1854.” There are two reasons why these diseases were so prevalent during this time. One was due to having little knowledge in the subject of diseases and how the microorganisms that caused them functioned. Dr. George Turner provided some insight into this subject. In regard to the bacillus of typhoid and cholera “That, he said, which kills one does not affect another; that which favours the propagation of one does not favour the propagation of another.” He goes on to say that if the filtration system can mechanically hold back the smaller germs of typhoid, it should also be able to hold back the larger microbes of cholera. Although, he follows it up with he distinctly thought this argument could not be carried from one bacillus to another until it was actually