Summary Bradley, et al. (2014) examined the continuum of services among persons living with HIV in the United States during 2011. Data was gathered and examined from the National HIV Surveillance System (NHSS) from the United States regarding improving the care and treatment of individuals diagnosed with HIV from 2011-2013. This data was significant because the finding could ultimately assist the government with reducing new infection and related illnesses and improving the rate of viral load suppression with the assistance of antiretroviral therapy (ART). According to the authors in 2011 in the United States an estimated 1.2 million individuals were living with HIV (Bradley, et al., 2014, p. 1113). Furthermore, the authors also stated …show more content…
CD4+ cells are a type of white blood cell. White blood cells are important in fighting infections (CD4+ Count, 2015).
Data from the Medical Monitoring project provided data for patients 18 years old and older, who were engaged in care, received ART prescription and managed to suppress their viral load (Bradley, et al., 2014, p. 1114). Specifically, patient HIV medical data was gathered from medical facilities that took place between January- April 2011 (Bradley, et al., 2014, p. 1114). The rate of ART prescription and viral load was documented within the participant’s medical chart preceding the survey. The authors statistical testing was conducted using the delta method (Bradley, et al., 2014, p. 1114) .
Findings
The data suggested that people 65 years old and older were more adherent with their ART prescription in comparison to their younger counterparts and managed to suppress their viral load. To further add the data also stated that male to male sexual contact had the highest rate of new diagnosis in 2011. However, as the continuum of care progressed the number of men engaged in treatment decreased by nearly 50% and hence reducing the chances of nearly half of newly diagnosed men adhering to the task of acquiring a suppressed viral load. The authors research stated that “of 15,449 people newly diagnosed with HIV in the 19
The purpose of this dissertation isto assess the impact of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) on the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) care continuum. This dissertationwill focuson addressing the gap in current research by improving understanding of the impacts of the ACA on care for individuals living with HIV. It is estimated that over 1 million Americans live with HIV (Kates, 2012). Though the number of HIV infections has stabilized at around 50,000 annually, there are reports of new strains of HIV arising among homosexuals (Kates, 2012). People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are less likely to be insured due to low socio-economic status (SES), therefore, rely on Medicaid for insurance coverage. Statistics indicate that only 25% of PLWHA are virally
We have been aware of HIV and AIDS since the 1970s (Miller, 2012), and though there have been treatments and reduction in the number of people infected, the disease remains. The disease results in death usually following opportunistic infections as a result of AIDS destruction of the immune system, but thanks to modern medicine “many people
Though the disease is still infecting many, new technology and medical techniques that include medication have made it possible to live a normal life after being infected with the HIV virus. Doctors are now far past the era in which they would deny care to an HIV-positive patient and that is because they are aware of the disease and are not afraid. Being afraid of something can unknowingly turn a person into a monster. Since being educated doctors and other healthcare professionals have been able to turn a new leaf and hop over to the supporting side of AIDS. Other than being under a doctor’s care, successful strategies for combating AIDS include “increasing awareness about prevention strategies such as using clean needles and condoms and, most recently, promoting male circumcision” (Conley 442). All these biological measures combating the chemical nature of AIDS work hand in hand to reform the social structure of the disease. Those living with AIDS in the United States today are not looked at as if they are lepers, instead they are view as survivors and
of life in individuals with HIV disease (Corless et al., 2004, p. 292). The sample consisted of 40 subjects: 23 men and 17 women. The HIV-positive adults in a primary care clinic were asked to participate, so this study has a sample of
People living with HIV and AIDS have always had a difficult time obtaining access to health coverage (Sorian, 2010). Medicaid, Medicare, and the Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program have provided a critical safety net (Sorian, 2010). But today, nearly 30% of people living with HIV do not have any health insurance coverage, and many others have limited coverage (Sorian, 2010). In addition, people living with HIV and AIDS have faced hurdles to getting quality care from qualified providers (Sorian, 2010).
HIV has affected people all across the world. HIV comes with physical and mental symptoms. The body symptoms include skin flaking off, being dry, skin peeling off (Saliba 23) , fingernails falling off (32), and weight loss (14). Mentally it is hard to sleep, people become weak, and are tired all the time (23). People all across the world are infected with this disease, and the problem with this is the fact that most do not even know they have it. The most people who are infected each year are African Americans, gays, or bisexuals. 10,315 African Americans were infected in 2015. The U.S.A. has estimated about 1.1 million are infected with the disease. Equally to about 12,333 deaths happened in 2014 from AIDS related diseases, and 6,721 deaths from AIDS directly. Although there are a large amount of people getting infected, on the other hand eighteen percent of the population with HIV is declining since 2008-2014 (“U.S. Statistics”). In the world about 33.2 million people worldwide have HIV, with 22.5 million people in sub Saharan Africa are living with this condition, one out of nine people who live in South America have HIV or AIDS (Saliba 8).
According to the CDC (2015), more than one million people are living with HIV in the United States, and more than 50,000 become newly infected each year. Unfortunately, one in five Americans living with HIV are unaware of their infection. I believe using the strategy which stresses the use of the 10 essential services of public health will help reduce the incidence of HIV in our
(2011) was a multi-continent, randomized, controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy on the speed of the disease process among HIV-1 infected and HIV-1 uninfected partners. In the study, 1,763 HIV mixed status couples were grouped into either early antiretroviral and delayed therapy groups. Inclusion criteria consisted of the HIV-1 infected participant having a CD4 count between 350 and 550 with no previous antiretroviral therapy usage, except to prevent mother-baby transmission. Participants attended three monthly sessions and then quarterly sessions until ill or requiring an additional amount of antiretroviral drugs (Cohen et al, 2011). The uninfected partners were tested each quarter for seroconversion, the period in time in which antibodies become detectable. The research study concluded that early antiretroviral therapy initiation had a greater effect on CD4 count than delayed antiretroviral therapy. The average CD4 count in the early therapy group originated at 400 and increased to 603 after 12 months of ART. A decline of CD4 cells were noted in the delayed group (Cohen et al, 2011). The authors concluded that a higher incidence of HIV transmission was noted in African countries and adverse effects were more likely to occur in the early therapy group. Early therapy had a positive effect on the HIV-1 uninfected and HIV-1 infected
HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, and if left untreated, can lead to AIDS (Fauci, 1988). Globally, 36.7 million people are living with HIV and 1.2 million are living with HIV in the United States. Over the last decade, the annual number of new HIV diagnoses decreased by 19%, and many health professionals and public health researchers attribute this to both awareness and prevention. Research shows that there is an economic benefit of preventing disease because it lowers healthcare costs (Hogg, Baskerville, & Lemelin, 2005). It has been found that for every HIV infection prevented, an estimated $355,000 is saved in the cost of providing lifetime HIV treatment (Benjamin, 2011). There is a national need for prevention of diseases such as AIDS to lower healthcare costs while improving the quality of people’s lives, and the 2010 Affordable Care Act (ACA) responds to this need with its emphasis on disease prevention, improving access to coverage, ensuring quality coverage, and by enhancing the capacity of the healthcare delivery system (Koh & Sebelius, 2010).
HIV is highly prevalent among the United States population, primarily affecting African Americans of all economic levels and age groups. HIV is transmissible through sexual contact and damages the immune system as it interferes with the individual’s capability to fight off any infections or illnesses. Health inequalities that greatly affect the high rates of HIV include but are not limited to: higher rates of poverty, lack of awareness, intercourse within the same sex, having anxiety towards getting tested for STD’s or HIV, as well as being fearful of “coming out”. Local, state, and nationwide organizations are designed to inform and provide assistance to those who have been diagnosed with HIV/AIDS. S.A.A.F. (Southern Arizona AIDS Foundation)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a serious condition in our society. If left untreated, HIV can progress to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) (CDC, 2016a). Once a person is infected with HIV, it can never be completely removed from the body, meaning they are infected for the remainder of their life (CDC, 2016a). HIV was initially thought to be a problem only in younger generations (Ellman, Sexton, Warshafsky, Sobieszczyk, & Morrison, 2014). However, evidence has emerged suggesting that an epidemic may be brewing in the older adult population (Ellman et al., 2014; Karpiak & Brennan-Ing, 2016; Robnett & Chop, 2015). I decided to research this topic, because I personally had no idea that HIV was so prevalent in this age group.
There is some good news in the fight against HIV. Between 2005 and 2014 new diagnosis of HIV have fallen by 19% nationwide (CDC, 2017). Those living with HIV are now living longer, healthier lives and have the opportunity to
In the United States, HIV (infection) has changed remarkably over the past 30 years. According to CDC.gov “At the end of 2013, 498,400 African Americans were living with HIV (40% of everyone living with HIV in the US), and 1 in 8 did not know they were infected.” More than 44,000 people were diagnosed with HIV in 2014. HIV is currently a disease of greater demographic diversity, affecting all ages, sexes, race and involves various transmission risk behaviors. At least 50,000 new HIV infections will continue to be added each year, however, one-fifth of persons with new infections may not know they are infected, and a substantial proportion of those who know they are infected are not engaged in HIV care. It is tragic that there are a huge number
According to recent statistics from the Centers for Disease Control, approximately 1.2 million individuals in the United States have HIV (about 14 percent of which are unaware of their infection and another 1.1 million have progressed to AIDS. Over the past decade, the number of HIV cases in the US has increased, however, the annual number of cases remains stable at about 50, 000 new cases per year. Within these estimates, certain groups tend to carry the burden of these disease, particularly the gay, bisexual, and men who have sex with men (MSM) and among race/ethnic groups, Blacks/African American males remain disproportionately affected. (CDC)
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about 50,000 people are infected with HIV each year. In 2010, the most recent year for which this information is available, there were around 47,500 new HIV infections in the United States (p. 1). The population of people with HIV is diverse due to the fact that it does not discriminate. Men and women of any age,