Kindred is a moving story of a young black woman, Dana Franklin, who is transported from her home in California in the year 1967, back to Maryland in 1815. The author, Octavia Butler, specifically chose 1967 to write her novel in because it was during the civil rights movement. The Loving vs. Virginia was a landmark civil rights case in 1967 which overturned the laws that prohibited white and colored people from marrying each other. The other time period in which the novel is based in, starting in 1815, was in the middle of blacks being enslaved. Bi-temporality plays a powerful part in Kindred. The past can be seen as continuous with the present because it reflects circumstances and attitudes from the past; these circumstances and attitudes are the violence against and degradation towards women. One of the many ways Butler sets up the continuity of the past and present is in the resemblance of two of the main male characters: Kevin Franklin, Dana’s husband, and Tom Weylin, Dana’s very distance relative. The first real description of Kevin is that “his hair [was] completely grey and his eyes so pale as to almost be colorless” (Kindred 54). Similarly, Dana asserts in reference to Tom Weylin that “his eyes…were almost as pale as Kevin’s” (90). Butler seems to be very intentional with the descriptive words of grey, pale, and colorless, which all seem to point to some sort of lifelessness. After Kevin was left for five years in Maryland without Dana, when they are reunited
As Dana soon discovers, the reality of slavery is even more disturbing than its portrayal in books, movies, and television programs. Before her journey into the past, Dana called the temp agency where she worked a "slave market," even though "the people who ran it couldn't have cared less whether or not you showed up to do the work they offered."
Character’s relationships with power change a lot over the course of Octavia Butler’s Kindred. One of the most important character changes in the book is Kevin Franklin and Dana’s relationship, and how is changed after living in the 1800’s. Kevin is introduced in the book as Dana’s middle aged husband who she met while working in a “slave market”. Both of them are inspiring writers looking to make a life out of their passion. Before both Kevin and Dana are sent back into slavery time their relationship is very normal. Their marriage is very stable, although they go through different problems surrounding power. Kevin is very dominant towards Dana and at times believes he is better than her. Kevin constantly asks Dana to type out drafts of his
The novel under the title Kindred is a magnificent literary piece created by renowned African-American fantasy writer and novelist of contemporary times Octavia Butler. This superb piece encompasses the most burning issues and problems faced by the African-American community. The novel throws light on the pathetic condition of the black slaves and vehemently condemns domestic violence and slavery inflicted and imposed upon the black stratum of the American society. The novel also discusses atrocities and hatred exercised upon the African Americans on the basis of racial and ethnic discrimination prevailing in the society. Butler points out the communication gap between spouses and family members, which adds to the misery of the black
Rufus Weylin; a character first perceived as a young, curious and innocent boy, turns in to an over-obsessive and miserable tyrant. In Octavia Butler 's novel _Kindred_, the book revolves around the horrors of slavery in the United States in the early eighteen hundreds. White characters are given absolute power and control over black characters, and treat them like animals, making them live a long life of misery and unhappiness. As _Kindred_ unfolds, it becomes clear that Rufus turns in to a stereotypical slave owner and abuser. With every trip that Dana makes back to Rufus, there is a clear distinction of changes in his personality. He becomes more evil, over-obsessive and cruel as he gets older. In fact, he becomes very much like his
Only the best tactics and the quickest decisions can insure a win in a fight for survival. Dana Franklin, the main character in the novel Kindred, has what it takes to take on the cruel South and use those qualities to ensure survival. Due to a mysterious and confusing power she acquires, Dana can miraculously travel through time and reach her ancestors during the slavery period. With that power alone, she has to work hard to survive against the strongest, meanest, and craziest people she’s ever dreamed of to ensure the safety of herself and whom she cares. In addition to working hard, Dana has to witness and carry out what horrors fighting and struggling in the antebellum South was like. In Octavia Butler’s Kindred, Dana is seen fighting,
the novel Passing, Nella Larsen explores the consequences and disadvantages of two African Americans living in a segregated society. The reconnection between Irene Redfield and Clare Kendry illustrates two different paths in regards to how they portray themselves in their own community. Larsen displays Clare Kendry as a light – skinned women who tolerates her husband’s racial comments in order to live in a higher society. Clare’s decision to secretly hide her racial background because of the desire of wanting to be accepted by individuals of an upper social class greatly affects Irene. Clare’s determination of overcoming racial barriers by passing as a white individual is similar to the Rhinelander/Jones case. In 1924 the son of the wealthiest families in New York married the daughter of a taxicab driver. However, Leonard Rhinelander appealed to have is marriage annulled due to “believing his wife to be white when he married her” (135). Rhinelander suspected Alice Jones was hiding her racial background by passing as a white individual. As the trial progressed it was concluded that that Rhinelander had an understanding of her racial background before marriage was an option between the two. The Rhinelander/Jones case demonstrates how Clare Kendry decided to pass as a white individual in order to obtain wealth and social status by marrying a white male. The three criticism texts chosen demonstrates how racial passing between Irene Redfield and Clare Kendry contributes to social status.
As Boss Tweed used to say, “The way to have power is to take it.” Therefore, it is not surprising that the characters of Kindred by Octavia Butler fight throughout the book to gain power from each other. They all use methods ranging from violence to influence to gain even a slight amount of power from each other. Even Alice and Dana who are enslaved women during the 1800’s are able to use their words to influence their owners and the powerful white men in society. Like other black women during this time period, they use their bodies and other unconventional methods to slowly gain power over their owners until they are able to influence them to do what they want. Henceforth, Butler wants to demonstrate to the reader that, even during the antebellum south, enslaved women were able to use their influence, resilience and courage to eventually gain power over their owners.
Although the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ended legal Jim Crow, the perpetuation of prejudice, institutional racism, and discrimination towards African Americans continued. The tolling effects of this social paradox on the African American community are manifested within the works of Ann Petry, an African American writer whose short stories reflect her own perspective on the results of discrimination. The short stories, The New Mirror and In Darkness and Confusion conjunctively display the negative psychological consequences linked to racism, such as loss of personal identity, social reflectiveness, insecurity, anxiety/paranoia, weakened family bonds, and violent outbreaks.
Have you ever been told that you and a friend are practically the same person? Something similar to this happens to Dana and Alice in Octavia Butler’s novel, Kindred. In Butler’s novel, Dana is a young black woman living in 1976. Next thing she knows, she time travels back to the antebellum South. Dana is given the task of saving her several times great grandfather, Rufus Weylin, from multiple life threatening situations. Along the way she meets her several times great grandmother, Alice, who is a young free black woman. In her novel, Kindred, Octavia Butler compares and contrasts Dana and Alice to show the theme that people will do anything in order to survive. Both Dana and Alice have to become slaves on a plantation, run away for a life of freedom, and tolerate the treatment of Rufus.
First published in 1979, Octavia E. Butler’s Kindred is a unique novel, which can be categorized both as a modern-day slave narrative, and as a science fiction time-travel tale. In the novel, Butler uses time-travel as a way to convey W.E.B. Du Bois’ theory of double-consciousness. Dubois’ theory is based on the idea that people of color have two identities, both struggling to reconcile in one being. His theory about the complex nature of the African-American experience directly relates to Butler’s use of Kindred’s protagonist, Dana, and her experience time travelling as a modern-day African-American woman, and her experience of a pre-abolition, nineteenth-century slave.
Octavia E. Butler uses her novel Kindred, to communicate how influential one’s environment can be in shaping their thoughts and actions. One’s environment is composed of their conditions and surroundings, and the most significant of these is language. The society in which Dana lives differs greatly from Rufus’s society; therefore, the way these characters use and view language differ. Language dictates the way one thinks, and whether or not they think critically. How one thinks is directly related to how one perceives the world and one’s perception is their reality. Even Dana and Kevin, who live in the same time period, perceive the world differently. They may live in the same time period, but their realities differ because of who they are, a black woman and a white man. Butler makes Dana and Rufus’s impact on one another central to story. Rufus sometimes deviates from the societal norms of his time because his environment has been influenced by Dana, who is also affected by her new surroundings. She begins to lose the ability to stand up for herself. Ultimately, however, Rufus does not change his prejudice, bigotry way of thinking, and Dana does not allow herself to succumb to complacency. Butler consciously made these decisions; she wants readers to recognize that while these characters influence one another, they do not do so enough to overpower the more significant aspects of their respective environments, such as language. One’s environment determines how much
Butler’s work majorly discuss problems of race, gender and power relations along with self-determination that she transfers from the human society within communities of the aliens, as well as vampires. On the contrary this essay, would present the in depth evaluation of separate forms as well as reasons about oppression, towards that protagonist within Fledgling has been exposed. On the contrary, this would show in which manner protagonist has been empowered along with therefore, showing resistance, change as well as future of equality (Stewart).
Octavia Butler’s Kindred focuses on the perspective of a black female within two drastically different societies ranging from the ideals of colonialism to a society of change and acceptance. Butler utilizes Dana’s position in society to portray the cruelty of slavery and the power that society can have on the ideals and morals of individuals, such as the developing character of Rufus. Throughout the book, the issue of slavery is addressed through a multitude of different themes that span across Dana’s different experiences and struggles. Butler aims to reveal the aspects of slavery from the perspective of Dana in order to emphasize the widespread effects of prejudice upon human rights. In addition, the contrast of societies also
The year is 1946 and Laura McAllan is doing her best to bring up her children Bella and Amanda. She lives in the Mississippi delta on her husband Henrys farm. Being raised in the city Laura is out of her comfort zone and is somewhat scared of her new environment. The family is struggling to get by when her husband’s brother, Jamie, and Ronsel, return from fighting in WWII. Jamie turns out to be the exact opposite of Henry. He is good looking, charming, and has dark side brought on by combat in WWII. Ronsel happens to be the son of the black sharecroppers who work and live on Henrys farm. He has returned to his family a war hero. He was an Army Sergeant who served under Patton. However, his time in the Army and his heroic acts defending his country in WWII did not matter in Mississippi. With Jim Crow laws in the south he was still seen as less than human. Ronsel and Jamie, both WWII veterans, formed an unlikely friendship; one that would not be easy to keep. This is a very powerful story that sheds light on the great injustices in American history caused by anything from Jim Crow to the KKK. I chose this book because it is a good example of how race and class influenced the lives of African Americans. Meritocracy is the system where everybody receives equal opportunity to be successful in life. It is well known during the time period in this book that was not the case. The race and class of the individual decided the opportunities at success they
In Arlene Keizer’s essay, titled “Gone Astray in the Flesh: Kara Walker, Black Women Writers, and African American Postmemory,” she addresses the concept of postmemory, stating it “is a haunted condition, in which images from the past hover over the present or erupt into it” (1650). In other words, postmemory is almost a trauma induced on the descendants of some intense event—such as slavery—and rather than these descendants experiencing the trauma directly, they experience it through a relation or sense of identity that it, in a way, imprints itself upon them. For the sake of this essay, I will be examining postmemory in the sense of slavery and the descendants of slaves. More specifically, I will be examining how this sense of postmemory is demonstrated throughout Kara Walker’s art, as well as Octavia Butler’s novel Kindred and