Summary: Practicum Experience

Latin America is one region of the world known for its similarities across national borders, paired with stark differences. While Latin American countries share cultural elements such as, language, religion, and a colonial history, each society has developed differently in terms of political, economic, and social organization. One major difference across Latin America is individual nations relationships with family planning and abortion systems. Each country 's stance on the morality of abortion, contraception, reproduction, and sexuality, differs from its neighbors and the region at large. In some cases the difference is visible within national borders, such as in Mexico, where abortion is only legal inside the capital city (Fondo Maria). In other cases the countries themselves are homogenous in law, but differ greatly from the legal positions of their neighbors. Due to such variation it is impossible to claim that Latin America as a whole aligns with one attitude concerning family planning and abortion. Additionally, both systems are simultaneously present in countries creating a complex and intriguing system of reproductive health. Due to this variety, this paper focuses on Chile and Cuba as examples of two opposing extremes. In Cuba abortion is legal under all circumstances as compared to Chile, where abortion was historically criminalized. These two country 's situations ask the question of how family planning programs and abortion rates connect with and influence one

I am writing in reference to Bryan Canterbury and his practicum application. I have known Bryan for (___) years as his neighbor. I have found him to be a hard worker who is self-motivated, reliable and punctual. For example, Bryan works fulltime at nights and attends schools fulltime and still manages to maintain a 3.89 GPA, which requires dedication and motivation to achieve. In addition, I had set up a meeting with him and a doctor at the CDC, and he arrived more than 30 minutes before the scheduled time. This speaks volume about his abilities to be punctual. Bryan is an outstanding person with great leadership qualities.

In the 1930, Puerto Rican women were fighting for childcare, maternal care, birth control and control over their reproductive rights (Colon & Ortega, 1998). To make matters worse, Puerto Rican women were used like lab rats. They were blamed for the poverty that existed, In 1937, the government passed Law 116, which allowed permanent sterilization, here in the United States and Puerto Rico as well. It was intended to control the rapid growth in population and unemployment. They called this, “la operacion” (Colon & Ortega, 1998). Many women were deceived in getting tubal ligation, hysterectomy, birth control pill, EMKO, IUD and Depo Shots, not knowing the procedures, side effects or that the changes could be permanent (Colon & Ortega, 1998).

How has gender inequality affected women in Latin American countries? Gender inequality has affected the women of Latin America in a multitude of ways, but it can be argued that the division of gender equality is extremely prominent when analyzing reproductive rights and health care access. Compared to countries such as Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States, Latin America is far behind in terms of civil rights and reproductive rights. The lack of rights is not in question; women’s barrier to reproductive health can be seen through anecdotes and statistics. The question thus becomes, is there a definite answer to why these rights are absent? Factors concerning the absence of reproductive rights include cultural norms and religion, but the one that plays the biggest role remains the lack of female political leaders in Latin American countries. What exactly is it that is keeping Latin America behind other countries in terms of being progressive regarding reproductive rights? Women’s political absence in Latin America has shaped reproductive rights and health care services immensely.

This research consisted of key informants and general informants. These general informants were leaders in the community, granny midwives and African American and European American health care professionals. These general informants came from the clinics and hospitals where key informants were from. The key informants from each region were women who were either pregnant or had a baby within in a year preceding the study. (Marjorie Morgan, 1996)

In this article review, I will be reviewing the article written by Anna Jo Perry called The Practicum, A point of change. I will be discussing what the article is about, the importance of communication between the associate teacher and the student and other staff members. I will also be discussing why I believe the article would be of interest to an early childhood teacher or a parent of a young child.

Throughout history, women have been viewed as the inferior sex. Due to this, women have faced discrimination all over the world. This has had many negative impacts on the lives women, one of these being on their health. Poor health in women is often associated with domestic and sexual violence, cultural and religious oppression, and lack of access to education, as well as many other factors. One of the most delicate things that a woman can go through is pregnancy. Many women around the world have to give birth without the assistance of a professional and die during childbirth or during the 48 hour period after. Many of these deaths can be avoided if the appropriate measures were to be taken. The Republic of Honduras believes that action must be taken to improve the health of women globally. Health is a fundamental right of every human being and should not be denied to women.

● A CBPR study known as Mujeres Juntas estableciendo Relaciones Saludables (MuJEReS) was performed to decrease the risk of HIV and STD infections in the Latina population of the rural, southeastern U.S

A fantastic way to prevent unwanted pregnancies is with the use of contraceptives, and the organization makes them accessible to all patients at lower or no costs at all (Planned Parenthood). Different methods of birth control are made available to patients after their consultation, but they can decline to accept them. However, they are encouraged to return for them at any moment if the time presents itself when the patients may need them. Not only does the organization make it easy for men and women to have access to birth control, it also educates its patients on the correct use of birth control for the best results (Planned Parenthood). When patients leave the clinic, they leave with the proper knowledge not only how to prevent unwanted pregnancies, but also how to prevent being exposed to sexually transmitted diseases (STD’s) and other health risks.

To culturally adapt and validate the Safe Childbirth Checklist (SCC) of WHO for Brazilian hospitals.

The methods were identified clearly within the article and overall appropriate for a qualitative study. The design included a household survey, focus group discussions, semi-structured in-depth interviews and structured field observations (p. 3). The interventions were adequately described within the methods section and were further detailed within the results; however limitations of the interventions included that interviews with women with speech and hearing impairments that could have affected responses, and researchers wanted to acknowledge that meaning could have been lost in the translation of non-English interviews (p. 11). The researchers added that “much of the data was self-reported, and collecting data through recall of reproductive

Maternal mortality represents more than the loss of lives for individual women, as it also reflects the larger value and prioritization of women 's health and threatens the health and survival of families, young children, and even the communities in which they live (Royston and Armstrong, 1989). Maternal mortality is unacceptably high (WHO, 2015b). Globally, approximately 830 women die every day from pregnancy- or childbirth-related complications (ibid.). The causes of maternal mortality are predominately preventable and can be classified into three fundamental causes: (1) medical - consisting of direct medical problems and pre-existent/coexistent medical problems that are aggravated by pregnancy, (2) underlying - social and legal conditions, and (3) health systems laws and policies that address availability, accessibility, and quality of reproductive health services (PHP et al, 2011).

For this study, Ji and Han (2010) initiated the method of data collection through face-to-face interviews by a trained research member, aiming to obtain each woman’s sociodemographic and medical history, maternal-fetal interaction, and the mother's

Strictly focused on women contraceptive use, popular methods of teaching contraceptive has shifted to now educating men as well. Having both genders educated on contraceptive can also decrease the rate of birth in El Salvador. As mention before, sterilization was a popular form of contraceptive for women, male methods of contraceptive include, condoms, withdrawal, and abstinence. At the age 19, at least 91% of sexually experienced males in each country have had their first intercourse (Morris 1992). Since premarital sexual experience among young males is much higher than among female, it is important that they learn and use contraceptives as well. In El Salvador, strictly 19.5% of male from 15- to 24-year-olds used a form of contraceptives

For my last class I went to a Montessori school for my practicum field experience, and as you mentioned with the homeschooling, they also use the method that allows the students to learn at their own pace, the students are not rushed into going to the next level just because they have spent too much time in one level. I had never heard of this concept until I went there, when I went to the interview and met the principal she told me "This is a non-traditional school, are you ok with it"? that's when I asked and she began to explain and of course I also looked it up online and learned more, but whatever I knew prior to being in the classroom could not prepare me for what I saw in the classroom of about ten students and all of them working on