Surgical Consent: A Case Study

The process of consent should apply not only to surgical procedures but all clinical procedures and examinations which involve any form of touching. This must not mean more forms: it means more communication. As part of the process of obtaining consent, except when they have indicated otherwise, patients should be given sufficient information about what is to take place, the risks, uncertainties, and possible negative consequences of the proposed treatment, about any alternatives and about the likely outcome, to enable them to make a choice about how to proceed.”5

According to the Oxford Dictionary consent is defined as ‘giving permission for something to happen or agreeing to do something’. They define confidentiality as ‘entrusted with private information and if something is intended to be kept secret or in confidence’ (Soanes and Hawker, 2005). As a healthcare professional consent and confidentiality are in place as protective vices, by gaining consent and keeping a patients confidentiality it protects both the patient and the healthcare professional. There are three types of consent: Verbal consent, consent in writing and implied consent. Depending on the situation each type of consent may not be acceptable. For example if a procedure is putting a patient at risk, is complex or invasive for example an operation, written consent is

In their article, “The Concept of Informed Consent,” Faden and Beauchamp give two varying definitions of informed consent, namely sense one and sense two. Sense one is defined as autonomous authorization, meaning that the patient or subject agrees and then gives authority to move forward with a proposal (Vaughn 191). The authors give four conditions that have to be met for informed consent to be recognized: the patient has to understand the information presented to her, there should be no manipulation or coercion, and she has to intentionally give her authorization (Vaughn 191). Faden and Beauchamp also note that the fourth condition, where the patient gives her authorization, is pivotal in this sense since it differentiates autonomous authorization

Informed consent is the basis for all legal and moral aspects of a patient’s autonomy. Implied consent is when you and your physician interact in which the consent is assumed, such as in a physical exam by your doctor. Written consent is a more extensive form in which it mostly applies when there is testing or experiments involved over a period of time. The long process is making sure the patient properly understands the risk and benefits that could possible happen during and after the treatment. As a physician, he must respect the patient’s autonomy. For a patient to be an autonomous agent, he must have legitimate moral values. The patient has all the rights to his medical health and conditions that arise. When considering informed

1.The mayor has requested that the city manager form a task force to perform "surgical enforcement" of city codes within an area made up of a particular demographic. The mayor believes that the area's residents have " a propensity to cause trouble" and that "flexing our muscle" will help stop potential problems from arising in the future. The rate of fire incidents and fire loss is the same as the city average. Why is the mayor's plan problematic?

Consent means to provide approval for something to happen or an arrangement to do something.

16. Except in the case of emergency, all patients must sign a consent form before undergoing a surgical procedure.

The Doctor and Patient relationship aspect of Medicine has changed drastically in the last twenty years. It has evolved from paternalism (the doctor makes the decision for the patient) to shared decision making where the patient is considered an equal partner in his/her own health related decisions. Informed consent is the cornerstone for this view. When a patient or a research subject makes an autonomous decision after understanding, the risks and benefits involved with the decision is Informed consent. Complete Informed consent covers the following components: competency, disclosure, comprehension and voluntary. Competency refers to the requirement for the individual to be of legal age and be mentally competent to understand the process.

If a service user refuses to give consent in a work setting as a healthcare assistant I must document the refusal first and foremost in the careplan and also inform the manager next I would gently explain to the service user that they are full within their rights to refuse consent but I would like to also inform them of the risks,benefits and potential life threatening consequences that may follow their decision as a result. I would fully ensure that they have clearly understood the decision they have made and that they have also understood what I have explained and documented inluding all the reasons of how,when and why the care is provided for them specifically and what the medication is for also. Finally I would kindly ask if the service

Dimond (2009) and NHS choices (2016) explained consent as the process involving a person giving their approval to accept or refuse a treatment or interventions, after receiving detailed information from a health care professional about the risk or benefits of the procedure. In order for consent to be deemed valid, it needs to be given voluntarily without any influence or pressure from either a family member or clinician. In addition, the capacity of the person is important when giving consent and the ability to process the given information and make a decision. Tingle &Cribb (2014) agree, emphasizing that the autonomy of the person giving

The patient has the right to receive information necessary to give informed consent prior to the start of any procedure or treatment.

This consent has to be signed by the patient , the guardian or patient 's power of attorney . Severe reactions to the procedure leading to cardiopulmonary arrest / death are beyond the health care team 's capacity . As long as there were no mistakes when the procedure was done there will be no repercussions . Emergency apparatus and pharmaceuticals are available for any emergencies that may arise during the after the procedure

As a professional nurse, I understand that prior to initiating nursing care and doing any procedure, it is very essential to obtain the client’s consent whether it is a non-invasive procedure and most especially if it is an invasive procedure. Obtaining consent before initiating any procedure means that they understand the whole process, the purpose, implications, advantages and disadvantages, risk factors, and possible adverse reaction of any procedure. It also means respecting their privacy and promoting their rights as a patient. Prior to assessment, before doing any physical examination or before touching and assessing any

Consent can be quite tricky, a legal minefield for healthcare teams, this is due to the patients who will give or refuse to give private information about themselves who is legally competent but

The decision to have surgery, and if so, whether to have open surgical repair or EVAR, relies heavily on patients' preferences, yet little is known about the patient perspective (Berman, Curry, Gusberg, Dardik, & Fraenkel, 2008). One way to protect research participants is through an informed consent. Informed consent is a process used by researchers to provide potential and enrolled participants with information about a clinical study ("Learn About Clinical Studies," 2015). The informed consent process is intended to protect participants and should provide enough information for a person to understand the risks of, potential benefits of, and alternatives to the study ("Learn About Clinical Studies," 2015). Signing the document and providing consent is not a contract as participants may withdraw from a study at any time, even if the study is not completed ("Learn About Clinical Studies," 2015). Some patients choose to participate in clinical research trials because there are no current treatments available, while others only participate if other options haven’t been able to help them (Lopienski, 2014). However, some may be reluctant to participate. “Unknown outcomes, uncertainty if a new treatment can help them, being experimented on, possible