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Symbolism In The Old Man And The Sea

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The Old Man and the Sea’s foundational structure is the Hemingway Code Hero. The author, Ernest Hemingway, uses the Code’s themes of self-reliance, personal competition, and courage most productively throughout the book. Santiago, a Cuban fisherman and the main character of The Old Man and the Sea, has gone 84 days without catching a fish, a disastrous circumstance for a fisherman who depends on the fish for food and money. In addition to fishing for food and money, Santiago also wants to substantiate his claims that he is as competent a fisherman as the others. As Arvin R. Wells puts it, “The old fisherman fishes as much for a chance to prove himself as he does for a living, and, though he fails to bring the giant marlin to market, he wins the supreme chance to prove himself in the terms he best understands” (56). Santiago is a character who may at first appear to deny the code, but upon further inspection is a proponent of the Code and everything for which it stands. Throughout his journey to prove himself, Santiago has to deal with numerous challenging situations, and despite this embodies the Code and chooses to keep relying on himself, to keep competing against others, and to continue being courageous despite being put in situations where it would be easy to abandon the Code.
Throughout this book, situations arise in front of Santiago in which it would be easy to deviate from the Code and rely on other people for help, but despite this, he is still able to rely solely on himself. This quote from Leo Gurko effectively sums up Santiago’s quest for self-reliance, “Furthermore, when the great trial comes, one must be alone. The pressure and the agony cannot be shared or sloughed off on others, but must be endured alone” (68). Near the beginning of the book, before Santiago has set sail to catch his fish, this exchange occurs, “Can I offer you a beer on the Terrace and then we’ll take the stuff home.” “Why not?” the old man said. “Between fishermen” (Hemingway 11). During the exchange between Manolin and Santiago, it may be evident to some that Santiago has accepted charity. That conclusion and similar conclusions are misguided. Santiago is not accepting the beer because he thinks that it is charity; he is

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