Summary Part Two
In this section of the project, we examined five random studies that were selected from CHINAL database. These studies provided information on the over-prescription of antibiotics in LTCF and the possible changes in practice that could be done to decrease antibiotic resistance. Most of these selected studies focused on providing providers and nurses with education to reinforce the education of antibiotic use in patients that present with ASB to reduce antibiotic resistance.
The Use of Antibiotics in UTIs Patients Part Three Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common diseases treated every day by healthcare practitioners. Elderly patients that are placed in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) are prone to acquiring UTIs. Antibiotic resistance in the elderly is amongst one of the most urgent public health issues in health care. In the long term healthcare setting it is estimated that antibiotic treatment cost approximately $38 million to $ 137 million per year (CDC, 2013). There is a considerable amount of antibiotic that are being prescribed for patients in LTCF with presumed UTIs. The PICO question that will be analyzed will be: in nursing home patients or long term care facilities residents with asymptomatic UTIs, what are the effects of treating with antibiotics as compared to not treating the infection with any antibiotic, can this help reduce the incidence of antibiotic resistance? The purpose of this paper is to summarize and examine
The Florida Hospital Association has sponsored a project for the infection control of home care patients. In this project, the professionals and agencies had learnt about the occurrence of urinary tract infections and central-line infections. The author has
It is thought that overuse of antibiotics is related to the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) (Austin). As a consequence, there has been an increasing trend to promote appropriate prescribing of antibiotics so as to maximise their therapeutic efficacy and minimise the outbreak of resistance. Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs in hospitals are exemplary of a method used to promote rational prescription of antibiotics. In this review, we will briefly introduce some examples of AMR to illustrate the extent of this issue. We will then move on to describe AMS programs and the strategies required to
As we know, older residents are susceptible to infections because of multi-morbidity, greater severity of illness, functional impairment, cognitive impairment, incontinence, and the presence of frequent short-term and long-term indwelling device use such as urinary catheters and feeding tubes. For infection prevention control program, an effective infection prevention program includes a method of surveillance for infections and antimicrobial-resistant pathogens, an outbreak control plan for epidemics, isolation and standard precautions, hand hygiene, staff education, an employee health program, a resident health program, policy formation and periodic review with audits, and a policy
Due to weaken immune system, declining organ function, poor sensory perception, and multiple prescribed and over the counter medications, and comorbidities elderly patients are at risk for infections. For many elderly patients the possibility of developing an infection is extremely high, on account of hospitalization or living in long-term care facilities. The most common type of infection acquired in these facilities is urinary tract infections. A urinary tract infection most likely affects the bladder or urethra; more serious urinary tract infections occur in the kidneys. There may be symptoms such as urinary urgency or frequency, but in other cases there are no symptoms at all. This urine infection is caused by gram-negative sepsis.
Authors suggested that the accurate diagnosis of a UTI will play a role in the cost-effective medical care and appropriate antimicrobial utilization. The objective of the article is to summarize the top ten, misconceptions of UTI that result in extraneous testing and antimicrobial treatment. This article is well organized, consist of an abstract, introduction, list the myths with mistaken beliefs pertaining to diagnosis, a discussion and conclusion. One reason this article was of an interesting choosing was, due to myth number, “falls and acute altered mental status changes in the elderly patient are usually caused by UTI.” The article suggests that elderly patients with acute mental status changes accompanied by bacteriuria, pyuria without clinical instability or other signs or symptoms of UTI can reasonably be observed for resolution of confusion for 24-48 hours without antibiotics, which searching for other causes. The article describes in detail that elderly patients with acute mental status change and functional decline are nonspecific and are clinical manifestation of several circumstances such as, dehydration, hypoxia, and ploy-pharmacy adverse reaction. In the discussion section, the article also suggests that an increase in education and evidence-based guidelines aimed at physicians, advance practice
Although declining, inappropriate antibiotic prescribing continues to be a problem, especially the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics for infections of predominantly viral etiology, increasing risk for developing drug-resistant infection complications (Aspinall, Good, Metlay, Mor, & Fine, 2008; Garau & Dagan, 2003). Few interventions have been effective in moderating antibiotic overuse for acute URTIs (Legare et al., 2012). Emphasis on infection control alone is inadequate to address the rise of resistant infections. Judicious prescribing is the
Research has revealed how overprescribing antibiotic creates several adverse outcomes, including the development of multidrug resistant organisms, Clostridium difficile infection, and increased costs of health care (Myung et al., 2015). The Consumer Report (2015) raised concern for the overuse of antibiotics and how it leads to the loss of the ability to treat serious infections. Doctors,
Antibiotic resistance is becoming a more prevalent issue. This is a growing dilemma because, not only do patients have the potential to develop resistance, but they also can transmit the resistant bacteria to others (McKellar, 2014). Additionally, it is estimated that over one-third of all antibiotics prescribed to patients are unnecessary (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016). Overutilization of antibiotics is a growing problem due to some patients’ inappropriate demands for antibiotics or misdiagnoses by prescribers, however, underutilization of antibiotics can be just as problematic. Physicians are trained to use good antimicrobial stewardship when prescribing antibiotics; only giving them to patients who truly do have a bacterial infection. This becomes an issue when providers are too cautious and do not prescribe antibiotics in an attempt not to contribute to antibiotic resistance. Unfortunately, this caution could have a detrimental effect on the health of patients who actually need the antibiotics. To combat this issue, we must find a balance between good antimicrobial stewardship to minimize resistance while also taking underutilization into consideration. We, as pharmacists, are at a unique position between the physician and
With all of our modern advances, it seems somewhat strange that chronic health problems have become so commonplace. When antibiotics were discovered, they predicted the end of disease. Instead, we now have a world full of frightening antibiotic resistant infections.
The development and advancement of antibiotic resistance is dependent on a number of factors, and cannot be resolved with one single solution. Research suggests the best strategy to manage the misuse of antibiotics leading to antibiotic resistance, is mandating all hospitals to implement an antimicrobial stewardship program. This solution meets all of the required criteria and is a sensible approach in resolving the growing rate of resistant. Making antimicrobial stewardships a part of the patient safety effort will help bring new support and spark the conversation that must take place in order to make advancement in resolving antibiotic resistance. Multiple studies have been conducted to evaluate the before and after introduction of ASPs and
Mainstream medicine's access to this affair is to appoint antibiotics to allay the problem. But that presents a botheration of it's own. Since urinary amplitude infections action several times consistent in antibiotics accepting assigned several times, the overuse of those antibiotics can advance
Urinary tract infections are a major health concern to the general public. Many people do not need any treatment; others might only need antibiotic therapy, which others get admitted to the hospital. Urinary tract infection admission rates are a concern for the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. They have developed a quality indicator about the admissions of UTIs to “highlight potential quality concerns, identify areas that need further study and investigations, and track changes over time” (AHRQ). To ensure a change takes place in the number of admissions for these infections, education is the most valuable tool.
is at risk for an outbreak of CRE and Shigella. This problem can be linked to the misuse of antibiotics by doctors and patients. As stated in the article, antibiotic misuse can happen in various ways, such as using antibiotics to treat viruses that cannot be treated with antibiotics, prematurely prescribing antibiotics when the body has the ability to heal itself if given enough time, abusing “broad spectrum” antibiotics, or prescribing the drugs just to keep patients happy, even if they do not necessarily need
The overuse of antibiotics has been a problem for well over a decade. This misuse leads to many nonvisible problems arising within the human population. As the use of antibiotics increases, the number of antibiotic resistant bacteria also increases. When bacteria become resistant to an antibiotic, another antibiotic must be used to try and kill it and the cycle becomes vicious. Michael Martin, Sapna Thottathil, and Thomas Newman stated that antimicrobial resistance is, “an increasingly serious threat to global public health that requires action across all government sectors and society” (2409).
Well as I’m writing this I am extremely sick I went to the doctor today and it turns out I have strep throat. Just kidding that was the same night I went to the E.R I just told you about today. I took some antibiotics thinking it would help my strep throat but it didn’t. It made me end up all red and I broke out in hives all over my body. I really did not like that because I was scratching my entire body it was insane. What made it so bad was that I tried everything to make it stop like I took a long shower, kept my windows open for fresh air, layed down in my bed and stopped writing this essay. Which was supposed to be done then but that did not turn out so well.