Taking a Look at Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a detrimental bone condition, the tissue in the bones deteriorate and thus the bones become progressively brittle which presents a risk for rupture. Osteoporosis impacts more than 44 million Americans and is linked to a suggested 2 million bone fractures each year. According to the National Osteoporosis Foundation, the amount of fissures due to osteoporosis may escalate above 3 million by the year 2025. Osteoporosis is typically undetected and advances with slight warning signs until a fissure ensues. Effects of osteoporosis encompass height reduction and a curved upper back, anyone can have osteoporosis, however it is prevalent in elderly women and many may break a bone due to this condition. Recovery and prevention are vital in combating osteoporosis, though it may never be eradicated one can take measures to stabilize bone density and gain strength.

As generally stated in the introduction, osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder that involves the strength and integrity of one’s bones. The WHO defines osteoporosis as, “a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by low-bone mass, deterioration of bone tissue, increased bone fragility, and its susceptibly to recurrent fractures.” 2 The most important factor to take into account when addressing osteoporosis is the mass of bone, also referred to as, bone mineral density (BMD). As bone mass begins to decline, typically in the older population, specifically postmenopausal women, individuals are at an increased risk for fractures.3 As a result of this serious condition, many people are affected by morbidity, mortality, and economic difficulty.1

Osteoporosis is a degenerative disease of the bones generally brought on by the process of aging, unfortunately there can also be a number of underlying or secondary causes; however, preventative care and drug treatments can minimize the severity of this prevalent disease. Osteoporosis has been estimated to affect more than 200 million people worldwide (Bethel, 2015). According to the National Osteoporosis Foundation, 9.9 million Americans have osteoporosis and an additional 43.1 million have low bone density.

Osteoporosis is an age related disorder, more common in females compared to males. Osteoporosis is defined as a “skeletal disorder characterized by compromised bone strength predisposing to increased risk of fractures (Manolagaas, 2014). Osteoporosis is defined as “a disease characterized by low bone mass and deterioration of bone tissue (What is osteoporosis?2014). Osteoporosis is sometimes also referred as “silent thief” as the bone loss occurs very slowly and silently without any symptoms (Osteoporosis facts & statistics.2014). The most common site for fracture due to osteoporosis is hip followed by humerus (Woltman & den Hoed, 2010) . Osteoporosis can occur at any age, although it is a disorder common in females (especially post-menopausal females). Everyone is prone to osteoporosis (Osteoporosis facts & statistics.2014). According to Osteoporosis Canada, 1 in 3 Canadian females and 1 in 5 Canadian males may suffer fractures due to osteoporosis during their lifetime (Osteoporosis facts & statistics.2014). Canadian health care system spends 1.2 billion dollars for the acute hospitalization caused by osteoporosis and in 2010 the health care system spent 3.9 billion dollars for the total treatment of osteoporosis (Osteoporosis facts & statistics.2014). Osteoporosis can be screened and diagnosed by various methods; however the dual energy x ray absorptiometry (DXA) is commonly used. If the T-score values are less than -1 and greater than -2.5SD it is termed as osteopenia,

Older adults with low bone density are at significant risk of getting Osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is known as a systemic skeletal disease with the characteristics of low bone mass and micro architectural deterioration of bone tissues [1]. Osteoporosis is usually diagnosed by testing an individual bone mass density. A score of -1.0 or above is the normal state an individual wants to get as a result after he or she takes the DXA-test (an instrument used to measure bone density). Anything below -1.0 and -2.5 means the individual has low bone density and should do something about it. Osteoporosis increases a person chances of bone fracture due to bone fragility. Bone mass density decreases as people age making osteoporosis more prevalent among older individuals [2]. In the US, there are more than 2 million fractures occurs annually as a result of osteoporosis, including 550,000 vertebral fractures and 300,000 hip fractures [3, 4]. Hospitalization, long-term care, impaired quality of life, disability and death are usually the events that occur after Osteoporotic fractures in older adults [5]. Osteoporosis is a viral disease that takes freedom away from older adults. It puts fear in older adult’s everyday life, which then leads to them not living their lives to the fullest like they would like to because they are afraid of breaking a bone or two which would lead to expensive medical bills. This limits the activities they can participate in or just makes them antisocial because if they aren’t going outside to “play”, they’ll be alone inside their room which could lead to depression and a very

Osteoporosis is a disease of bone that leads to an increased risk of fracture. In osteoporosis the bone mineral density (BMD) is reduced, bone microarchitecture is disrupted, and the amount and variety of non-collagenous proteins in bone is altered. Osteoporosis is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) in women as a bone mineral density 2.5 standard deviations below peak bone mass (20-year-old healthy female average) as measured by DXA; the term "established osteoporosis" includes the presence of a fragility fracture.[1] Osteoporosis is most common in women after menopause, when it is called postmenopausal osteoporosis, but may also develop in men, and may occur in anyone in the presence of particular hormonal

Nearly 55 million Americans are estimated to have osteoporosis, making it one of the most common diseases among American seniors. According to the Centers for Disease Control, 50 percent of women and 25 percent of men over the age of 50 will end up a broken bone as a result of osteoporosis. In fact, according to May Clinic,

World wide there are 8.9 million fractures every 3 seconds due to osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a skeleton disease in which bones become very brittle and prone to fracture. The bones lose density, the density is the amount of bone tissue that is lost. Osteoporosis is a disease that has to do with ur bones, there are symptoms to it than can tell you if you might be getting it. There are also many treatments and medications to cure this disease, almost anyone can get this disease.

Around 54 million Americans in over 50 US states have osteoporosis and low bone mass. “Studies suggest that approximately one in two women and up to one in four men age 50 and older will break a bone due to osteoporosis.” (NOF.org). Our bones are constantly being replaced with new tissue. Osteoporosis occurs when new bone is not replaced fast enough with the removal of old bone. Our bones can become very thin, brittle, and weak as you age which is why Osteoporosis is known as the silent thief. Most bone mass is reached by mid-twenties but as you age your bone remodels and it takes away more bone than is replaced making bones more prone to osteoporosis, low bone density, and fractures. (Spinehealth.com)

Background: Osteoporosis is the most common bone disease and is characterized by low bone mass, deterioration of bone tissue and disruption of bone architecture, compromised bone strength, and an increase in the risk of bone fracture. The World health organization (WHO) defines osteoporosis as having a bone mineral density (BMD) at the hip or the lumbar spine of less than or equal to 2.5 standard deviations below the mean BMD of a young-adult reference population. Based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES III), NOF has estimated that more than 9.9 million Americans have osteoporosis and an additional 43.1 million have low bone density.2 About one out of every two Caucasian women will experience an osteoporosis-related fracture at some point in her lifetime, as will approximately one in five men.

The National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) estimates that 10 million people (8 million women and 2 million men) in the United States have osteoporosis as of 2009, with another 34 million adults having low bone density, a condition called osteopenia. Osteopenia can develop into osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is one of the most prevalent bone diseases worldwide (Mulcahy, et al.). It is characterised as a disease which leads to the loss of bone mass due to bone deterioration, therefore leading to bones becoming more brittle and fragile (U.S. Department of Health and Human services, 2004). Physiologically, bone is constantly re-modelled by concerted and coordinated interactions between osteoclasts, type of cells that are involved in resorption of the bones, and osteoblasts, which ensure bone formation and mineralization. Osteoporosis results from an imbalance between bone deposition and resorption (Castiglioni, et al., 2013)

Osteoporosis is the disease process by which bone remodeling is altered. This alteration is when old bone is insufficiently replaced by new bone (Cosman et al, 2014). New bone growth peaks in the early 20’s and after this age bone mass is lost faster than generated. The lack of new bone replaced can lead to fractures and deformed skeletal architecture. This alteration occurs with menopause, increased age, or long term use of corticosteroids (Cosman et al, 2014)

Overall, osteoporosis is a disease that involves fractures of the bones. If someone is suffered in the bone fractured it can affect their life. For instance, their ability to move is decreasing and this is what we called as an impact to their own life. This is why osteoporosis will give a very serious impact to a person’s health. At least one in three women and one in five men over the age of 50 around

It is also estimated that over 200 million people worldwide suffer from osteoporosis. In the United States and Europe alone, nearly 30% of all postmenopausal women are currently suffering from the disease. Since osteoporosis is highly associated with bone fractures, it is estimated that it causes over 8.9 million fractures worldwide each year, which results in a bone fracture every 3 seconds. It has also been shown that once a person has sustained an initial bone fracture due to osteoporosis, there is an 86% increase in probability that they will sustain an additional fracture. By 2050, projections are estimating that the worldwide incidence of hip fracture in women will increase by 240%, while it will increase by 310% in men. This will mean that the number of hip fractures due to osteoporosis will increase from 1.66 million cases in 1990 to 6.26 million cases by the year of 2050 (International Osteoporosis Foundation, 2015). The picture below shows this