Quantum Cryptography is the newest technology in the field of Encryption and proved to be most secure as of now. In this paper we will discuss what quantum cryptography is and what makes it most secure and unbreakable.
Introduction
All our classical computer cryptography methods are basically based on some mathematical calculations which are quiet easy to implement in one direction but very difficult to process in the other direction. As RSA(Rivest-Shamir-Adleman) algorithm which is one of the first practicable and most famous public-key cryptosystems, RSA, is based on the technique of factoring large numbers which makes it secure. Difficulty in factoring increases with number of digits in RSA key. For example, a 128 digit number would take millions of years to factor with current computers.
There are still limitations in classical cryptography, it is purely mathematical and information cannot be separated from its physical representation. In Classical physics, we use binary form to store and process the data. In the 1980s, C.Bennet, P.Benioff, R.Feynman and others observed that new and very powerful ways of information processing are possible with quantum mechanical systems. This gave birth to the concept of quantum computing.
We have algorithms such as Shor’s Algorithm, a quantum computer can break a very large number into its prime factors otherwise which could take millions of years to be solved. The day when quantum cryptography will become a reality, above
Encryption on the other hand, is nothing new to humans.It has been used for millenniums, and can be traced as far back as ancient Egyptian history. There are many famous, but one stands out. Caesar Cipher, which is working on a very simple system, shifting the alphabet. This code is very simple to break, but there are other codes that are much harder. Equatorie of Planetis is a substitution cipher as well, but is not a shift of the alphabet. The way to solve this cipher is based on a letter system that’s called frequency analysis .It can be decoded with a method called frequency
The evolution of the processor has come all the way from the Intel 4004 to the processors of today and one would expect Moore’s law to continue to allow exponentially more powerful processors from here on out. Moore’s law will continue, but in a way of overall speed instead of transistors. Modern processors being so fast they produce too much heat to effectively cool, leading to CPU developers needing to design new cooling systems or a new way of making transistors entirely. Another hurdle for CPU developers is that as the transistors become smaller and smaller, quantum tunneling takes place, and a semiconductor becomes just a conductor, allowing power all of the time. A possible solution being quantum computing.Quantum computing involves the bits used in storing data being individual atoms. It’s theorized that such computing techniques could be used to simulate complex chemical processes and increase the accuracy of atomic clocks. We’ve seen where CPUs have come from, we’ve seen where they are, now we have the chance to see where they will go, and the extraordinary heights they will
In the past decade, rapid advances have been made in the field of cryptography. These advances have brought considerable
The human race has achieved many impossible feats. We have landed on the moon, illuminated the world with the electric light, and cured illnesses that used kill thousands. In a world where we look to technology to answer all of life’s problems, we are faced with a dilemma. How can our technology possibly keep up with our modern needs? In the first book of the Neanderthal Parallax, Hominids, by Robert J. Sawyer, we are transported into a parallel universe. In this unpolluted world that is populated by Neanderthals, there is a sophisticated computing system, we know as a quantum computer. As of 2014, quantum computers are still in their infancy, and have been prophesied since the early 1990s. However, work on building a quantum computer, and creating algorithms compatible with one, began around the turn of the century. As one of only seven sci-fi writers in the world, and the only Canadian, who has won all three of the top international awards for science fiction, he is known for the amount of research and probable vision intertwined into the technology in his books.
The aim of this document is to provide an overview on the various cryptographic technologies in use today and what the future might hold. The document will cover the following subjects:
Encryption has been publicly available since the 1970s. Public-key encryption was introduced in the United Kingdom by a cryptographer named James Ellis and was officially published in 1976 by Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman. From these humble beginnings, encryption grew to what it is today with its advanced algorithms and sophisticated
The title of the recent lecture that I went to was “Hacktorial Tonight: Quantum Computing” and was given by Sean Bae, an undergraduate student at the University of Maryland. I was interested in this talk for variety of reasons, but the major ones were that I was interested in learning about branches of science outside of my focus in the life sciences and that quantum computing has undoubtedly become a hot topic in the advancement of technology. At this event, I was stunned with the amount of knowledge and theoretical analysis that Sean presented. He discussed Schrodinger’s cat and the principles of how something could exists in two states at one time. He then related this to quantum particles called qubits and how they exist in
further ado, let us explore the question, how is quantum computing going to affect the future of
It is important to comprehend the underlying terminology, in order to gain a deeper understanding of the different types of encryption algorithms that is a “component for electronic data security.” 5 Cryptology deals with the science and mathematics that is behind the procedures and methods of secret communication. This is not to be confused with the term encryption, which focuses on the actual ciphering, or altering of the message to a secret form. Whereas decryption is the process of decoding a distorted messages into something intelligible. A key is mathematical value, such as a password or complex mathematical computations that are used to
Before approaching Claude Shannon’s contribution to Cryptography, one must look at his prior work in particular in the field of information theory, a field he theorized in his 1948 paper A Mathematical Theory of Information. Shannon introduced a lot of the ideas that were mentioned and developed in this revolutionary paper to the scientific community in his 1945 paper entitled A Mathematical Theory of Cryptography.
The application and development of quantum computing is still in progress and there aren’t any fully developed quantum computers out there right now. In spite of that, there are many advantages of quantum computing based on the theory and calculations provided by the scientists will benefit us in the future. First of all, there is a difference between quantum computer and traditional computer need to be explained. For example, traditional computer uses long strings of “bits”, which is either zero or one. While for the quantum computer, it uses quantum bits, or qubits (University of Waterloo n.d.).
The field of quantum information science is undergoing rapid growth, and is leading to many new and exciting discoveries with applications in computer science, communication, encryption, and elsewhere. One application is quantum computing, which uses quantum “qubits” instead of classical bits, and has the potential to allow researchers to solve certain previously intractable problems in a much shorter timeframe. Another is quantum cryptography, which allows for theoretically unbreakable encryption.
Data encryption is an important part of computing and, if done properly, can provide the user with means through which data can be
They have to only success one out of various method of tempering data and Designers has to design secure algorithm. Sometime, the countermeasure of another method is valuable for new attacks. So we can say the game of Designing complex and secure algorithms and attacks on the new Design is never ending task.
Elliptic curve cryptography. It is based on algebraic stricter of a curve. In this type of cryptography key required are smaller than other algorithm.