“The Tertiary Period began 65 million years ago and ended just 1.8 million years ago. It was made up of 5 different epochs.” “Paleocene epoch that was 65 to 54 million years ago.” “ Eocene epoch that was 54 to 38 million years ago.” “ Oligocene epoch 38 to 24 million years ago.” “ Miocene epoch 24 to 5 million years ago.” “Pliocene epoch 5 to 1.8 million years ago.”
Tertiary is the third era. “During the Tertiary period placement of the continents were different than were they are located today.” “There were only the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, and the Indian Ocean.” “ Continents were North America, Greenland, northern Europe, Asia, and Iberia.” Climate change from the beginning to end was very significant. “During the beginning the earth was warm and moist compared to the weather now.” By the middle of the period earth started to cool. This was cause by volcanoes that kept giving off carbon dioxide.” After a while by the end of this period it was so cold that the last ice age had started.” “However this had to be the most important time period for mammals.” “The time period before Tertiary which was the Cretaceous period.” “The Cretaceous period ended with the extinction of dinosaurs, large reptiles, and many different others.” “After all the extinction of the other animals mammals became the dominant species on Earth.” “This is why the Tertiary Period is called the age of mammals.” “There are to unusual mammals that we have researched on from this period that were
The Jurassic Period is a time period were new dinosaurs were being discovered and found. It was about 199.6 to 145.5 million years ago. Some of the species that were found in the Jurassic Period are the Stegosaurus, Ceratosaurus, Brachiosaurus, and Allosaurus. Each dinosaur had their own characteristics for survival.
8. The periods in which there were mass extinctions are Permian – volcanic eruptions which spewed lava and put CO2 into the air which warmed the climate an estimated 6 degrees Celsius. The resulting of oxygen deficiency. And Cretaceous – asteroid or comet
Shifting from the end of the Permian period 250 million years ago into the next era, the Triassic period occurred between 250 and 199 million years ago and was know for further diversifying life on land. After the Permian period, the Triassic period was largely successful in adapting and evolving, as the world was going through many changes. The land mass known as Pangea began its separation, which would be completed in the Jurassic period. The climate was relatively more severe during this time, with hotter summers and colder winters, but because of the warmer atmosphere, there were no polar ice caps at this time. Towards the center of Pangea, it was mostly a dry desert climate. As for life on earth, most of the marine life had been wiped
The first is the foraging era, the second in the agrarian era, and the third is the modern era. According to David Christian,"The past is seamless, fluid, and continuous.There are few natural breaks, so any attempt to divide the past into neat chronological chunks must be artificial. Periodization always does violence to the complexity of the past, and even the most conscientious attempts at dividing up the past involve some distortion." (p.__). Even though Christians scheme of periodization isn't perfect, it is the most efficient way of periodization, as "It will sacrifice important details to sketch out the larger patterns." (p.__). One of the things that Christian did to keep the story fluid and continuous was describing the transition period between areas. The foraging era was the longest of the three eras. It started with the first appearance of humans in 250,000 years ago in East Africa . They hunted for food and gathered all of their supplies. Their lifestyle left little room for innovation. As human populations increased, foragers were forced to either finder more efficient ways of getting food out of a certain area or they had to migrate. "Overpopulation would have posed a clear choice: migrate or intensify."(p.29). This was the birth of the agrarian era. Agrarian societies were able to support more people, so villages began to form. As the societies got bigger and more powerful, they
The Eocene era was the one that followed Paleocene period. There was mild climate during this time despite North America and Europe breaking the land. There was increased forest vegetation, sunny conditions and rainfall that started being observed at the poles. This period comprised the omomyids and the adapids primate groups. There happened to have differences and some similarities. Both happened to possess features linked with living the modern primates like grasping feet and hands that had nails rather than claws. They both had a postorbital bar that was complete (Soligo, 2007).
During the mid-Miocene time, the eastern
Majority of the current, official geological time units have been dated and confirmed after the fact. Presently, humans are living in the Anthropocene and “the stratigraphic record is the past” (Finney and Edwards, 8). Finney and Edwards see this discrepancy as an issue because claiming the Anthropocene as part of the records appears as an attempt “to interpret past event’s in Earth’s history” without even having all the evidence (Finney and Edwards, 8). Moreover, the stratigraphic records and its units are studied using “stratigraphic techniques, concepts, and principles,” while the Anthropocene has been largely based on human observations (Finney and Edwards, 8). On the other hand, the Anthropocene has been analyzed using some of the stratigraphic techniques as well as how geological events have been measured through human observation and documentation. The Anthropocene is not portrayed as a geological event, but as a good candidate for a geological time unit. However, Finney and Edwards see the Anthropocene’s candidacy as a misunderstanding in what composes a geological time
Questions: Notes: The Classical Period Directions, Diversities and Declines by 500 C.E. Expansion and Integration • Expansion and Integration -Integration includes a mixture of central political values, and institution, common cultures and social values and commercial links -550-400 B.C.E- seminal thinkers rose- Confucius, Buddha, Lao-zi and Socrates Reasons for Unification • Reasons for Unification -China: centralization -India: caste systems were spreading -Mediterranean: was diverse and localized Integration • Integration -issues were territorial and social -Territorial -China- common language
Examination of the fossils and the strata in which they were found and compilation of this data into what is known as the fossil record provides a comprehensive picture of the morphology and physiology of the organism, how they evolved over time and even of the terrain and vegetation cover at that time period. Lower strata
The Miocene and Pliocene epochs were two widely important time periods, both responsible for small variations in early primates that resulted in huge changes in all future generations. The Miocene epoch lasted from about 23.03 to 5.3 million years ago, and was responsible for multiple drastic features in the world that helped adapt archaic primate members into what they are today. The global temperature during the Miocene was warmer than modern days, resulting in small differences that had huge repercussions on every ecosystem and climate on earth. However there is one part of this epoch that for all primates was life changing, and that was emergence of the grasslands. This new ecosystem would become our earliest living grounds, and the reason
The first scholars that existed named the whole period of human devolvement the “Stone Age.” The stone age is divided into three periods which are Paleolithic which means the old Greek age, Mesolithic and Neolithic which is the new Greek age. The Paleolithic and Neolithic stone ages have many great differences and has changed greatly between the two periods.
Baines utilizes the knowledge of artifacts found in the Early Dynastic and Old Kingdom periods and compares them with the artifacts from the Naqada Period and Dynasty 0 in order to understand the social and political organization of the latter periods. Baines justifies the use of later artifacts as evidence for earlier periods through the examination of the representation of three aspects of sociopolitical organization in art: the early Egyptians’ view and depiction of outsiders, the themes present in the forms of display of these views, and the material expression of Egyptian hierarchy.
According to Martin’s perspectives he has indicated that extinction swept the way approximately half of 200 species of large mammals, for example, anteaters and sloths in the last 50,000 years, late in Quaternary. By establishing dates from the fossils of different, the author believes species went extinct and whether the extinction was sudden or gradual.
The Cretaceous time period was the last time period in which dinosaurs are seen. This time period spanned from 144 million years ago (mya) to 66 mya; right after the Jurassic time period and before the Tertiary. This is a time when dinosaurs were at their height with many thousands of different species known or yet to be identified. Our earliest ancestors were small rodent-like mammals that lived during this time and gradually evolved into the many different types of mammals we see today. The dinosaurs though, would become small reptiles such as the lizards we see today after one of the greatest known extinctions of all times-the K-T Extinction also known as the extinction of the dinosaurs.
Jurassic is a period of time with Dinosaurs, rodents and birds. There were also island seas consisting of sharks, sea monsters and blood-red planktons. The existing plants in that period were cycads, ferns and conifers. The Mesozoic era was about 245 million years ago to 65 years ago, so it almost lasted about 180 years in total. The Mesozoic era is divided into three periods of Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous. Mesozoic era means middle animals and it is the era, which the word’s fauna has changed from what is in the Paleozoic era and the most famous organisms of this era are dinosaurs. In the Mesozoic era, the extinction of more than 90 percent of species in the earth was observed and the reason behind it was mostly volcanic eruptions and climate changes. On the other hand, this era had massive changes that represented ecological niches and rise to new creatures such as rodent-size mammals and first dinosaurs. In Triassic, which was the first period of Mesozoic, the mammals and first dinosaurs existed. Later than that, the second period was Jurassic, which giant shaped dinosaurs and other kinds of dinosaurs were developed. Besides that the first flowering plants and primitive birds, with long teeth appeared in that era as well.