Temperatures: A Supersaturate Analysis

of sugar to 25ml of water and dissolve it. When we have the water at

Osmosis is a natural occurrence constantly happening within the cells of all living things. For osmosis to occur, water molecules must move across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low concentration to an are of high concentration. In order to understand osmosis, people must understand the different types of concentrations that can be present within solution. One of them is an Isotonic solution where the concentration of dissolved particles is equal to that of a cell’s. Another is a hypertonic solution where there is a higher concentration of dissolved particles then inside the cell. And lastly there is a hypotonic solution where there are less dissolved particles than inside the cell. As dissolved particles move to a region of lower concentration, water moves the opposite direction as a result of there being less water in the highly concentrated region. In this experiment, gummy bears were placed in salt water, sugar water, and tap water to find the measure of osmosis between the solution and gummy bear.

This reaction is exothermic, meaning it releases heat when reactants are converted into products. The negative change in enthalpy (∆H° = -36,757 J) for this reaction indicates that the reaction is losing heat to its surroundings.

Overall, we were able to discern that calcium chloride would serve as the most effective ionic solid within a hand warmer. Foremost, it served as one of the most effective solids in regards to heat production. The reason being, as seen from our calculations, when one places 10 grams of any of the ionic solids tested in the experiment inside a hand warmer containing an inner pouch of 40 mL of water, calcium chloride has the second greatest expected increase in regards to the heat of the solution. Also, these two compounds have the greatest heat of solution of all the tested ionic compounds. The only ionic solid which trumps calcium chloride in this category, would be lithium chloride. However, due to lithium chloride greater toxicity in comparison to calcium chloride, one will have to deem the latter as our most effective hand warmer. This can be seen as skin must be immediately washed with water when it comes into contact with lithium chloride, such measures are not necessary with the slightly hazardous calcium chloride. Additionally, lithium chloride has the greater personal protection rating in comparison to that of calcium chloride from their respective MSDS sheets, with a rating of E to C. Thus, the former requires a greater degree of protection on the part of the users to prevent harm. Since hand warmers will come into contact with the hands of users, and there is a potential of a leak, calcium chloride is the safest option, as even in the case of a leak, the safety of

Tammie, you made some great points during your post for this week and I really enjoyed reading how you put the assignment into perspective. I took one point that stood out the most to me and that was when you stated “While doing so, workmen compensation laws also provide that whatever compensation is recovered through such laws shall extinguish all claims in tort or contract arising from the injury caused (Pandey & Pandey, 2008). Tammie, it also is great to have a portion of the history of how workman’s compensation was started. The first workman’s compensation law was passed by the New York State in 1910. The compensation laws grew because of the large amount of compensation cases, because of a sharp increase of industrial accidents (Wood,

To make the circuit “cold” we have to adjust the voltage, because the v is proportional to i the current, which is proportional to the temperature.

In this unit we have conducted research and experiments on our chosen reactions to create the highest exothermic reaction for the The Heat-and-Eat meal pack will use a chemical reaction that involves two reactants. Reactant 1 is a solid and Reactant 2 is a liquid.

then cools off, becomes liquid again, and then falls as rain or snow. The salt

It’s freezing cold outside, Can you guess what time of the year it is?....Yes it is winter. Doesn’t onee seem to get cold during the winter? Well think about the coldest part of one’s body that one would really like to keep warm...their hands! Peoples hands are always screaming for warmth and protection. Hand warmers are the key to that cold lock. This project looks into the history of hand warmers. It also tells about what’s in a handwarmer that makes it so beneficial. It shows the different crystals that heats the hand warmers. Have you ever thought about what’s in a hand warmer that makes it turn hot and keeps people’s paws nice and cozy? Well if you have, then this is the project that you should be reading. If you haven’t, aren’t you wondering

When added to the H2O the small piece of Sodium goes out of control (spazzes), rolls on top of the H2O, produces heat and melts. Makes a loud buzzing sound and also turns into

When a decomposition reaction takes place, light, heat or electricity are usually formed . In the ‘Elephant's Toothpaste’ reaction, heat is produced, this is an example of an exothermic reaction (Online Labs 2011). One type of molecule used in this reaction is hydrogen peroxide. The scientific symbol for hydrogen peroxide is H202 which is very similar to

The temperature of the bath was initially set at 30°C.Using acrylic sheet containing a hole at the center, the beaker was closed through which a spindle from an electric motor placed on the top of the sheet was introduced into the solution. For stirring the solution,at the end of the rod, a Teflon paddle was attached. The saturation of the solution was confirmed by adding the synthesized salt in small amounts and using a motorized stirrer the solution was stirred which was continued till the formation of precipitate. Throughout the entire volume of the solution the stirring confirmed to have a uniform temperature and concentration. Gravimetrically, the equilibrium concentration of the solution was analyzed after attainment of saturation.

conductive aluminum for fast and efficient heating. The handle stays relatively cool to make it possible

Radiant heat is also created by portable oil-filled radiators. These radiant heaters consist of a series of tubes filled with oil. This oil is warmed and then the heat radiates off of the unit to the surrounding area. The oil in these heaters is warmed but never burned as fuel, so there is no need to refill them or perform other maintenance tasks. Like infrared heaters, oil-filled radiators are very energy efficient and silent but hot to the touch. Unlike an infrared

Isosteric cooling process (3 4): adsorbent material is cooled down without changing adsorbate concentration at〖 C〗_f.