Testosterone And Aggression

A secure link between violent video games and violent behaviors has not yet been proven. Studies have shown numerous design flaws and have used unreliable sources such as noise blast tests to test their theory. Aforementioned only one-eighth of attackers have exhibited interests in video games. A report has not yet been proven to link violent video games with violent behaviors in school shootings but show that behavioral problems come from violent movies and other resources.

Testosterone is a hormone in both men and women, but in greater extent in the men, testosterone is a chemical compound (C19H28O2) and is responsible for the characteristic of men such as, sexual characteristics/sexual organs, deepening of the voice, and facial and body hair. (Neil Schlager, Jayne Weisblatt, and David E. Newton 2006) Testosterone/Steroids has bodybuilding and masculinizing effect as well as treating a variety of medical conditions, like asthma, the steroid is used in a puffer, they can be used for anabolic or androgenic purposes and made for synthetic purposes making them illegal. (BROWER, K. J. 2001) Many athletes will use these to gain an advantage on competitors, with lean muscle and higher endurance, with many uses, there

He demonstrates that in monogamous species male testosterone levels should only rise above the baseline breading level in response to social challenges, such as male-male aggression or threats to status. Since we are a monogamous species we can predict that male testosterone levels would rise sharply in response to such challenges. Therefore if a testosterone surge is expected to be found when males are challenge then we can expect a consequent increase in aggression, provided the threat is deemed relevant to reproductive competition (a dispute over women). Since this study is based on all monogamous species as a whole, one could question whether or not it can be extrapolated to the human race, as we would be comparing ourselves to animals like monkeys, when we know that we are more superior to them. However it does show that monogamous males are more likely to act aggressively when facing a threat to their reproduction, this aggression seems to be coming from the increase of testosterone which happens because of the confrontation. Another problem with this hypothesis is that in modern day some men aren’t always monogamous, especially younger men, so if this theory were true single men would have no reason to become aggressive, which Lindman proves wrong with his study, therefore the theory is outdated and no longer applies to most men.

Aggression is a natural part of human behavior, and can even be adaptive in certain situations. However, when aggression manifests itself in violent behaviors, it becomes problematic. Patterns of aggression change throughout childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood, and these changes usually differ between males and females (Loeber, 1997). Physical aggression is typically greatest early in life and decreases during adolescence, whereas more serious violence tends to increase with age, particularly during adolescence (Loeber, 1997). Despite the changes that occur in aggressive tendencies throughout childhood and adolescence, aggression is seen as a very stable trait, almost as stable as

If given adequate funds to perform research in this area, I would like to expand upon this research. I would use more of the population, older and younger men. I would pull from prisoners and those known to have aggression, anger issues and those known not to have issues. I would expand the independent variables to include using violent and non-violent video games, watching violent and non-violent movie clips, handling machine guns, unloaded of course, a baseball bat or maybe a machete. Some un-inhibiting items such as a stuffed animal, a Bible, or interacting with a child with a game. The saliva tests before and after the interactions are adequate and reliable. I would have the subjects also undergo a baseline blood pressure and heart rate check before and repeat that after the interaction. Also, answer a few questions before and after and perform a physical aggression test to determine their aggression levels.

An example of verbal aggression was, "Pow!" and "Sock him in the nose". After ten minutes the experimenter entered and took the child to a new room which the child was told was another games room. In stage two (Aggression Arousal) the child was subjected to 'mild aggression arousal'. The child was taken to a room with relatively attractive toys. As soon as the child started to play with the toys the experimenter told the child that these were the experimenter's very best toys and she had decided to reserve them for the other children. In Stage three the next room contained some aggressive toys and some non-aggressive toys. The non-aggressive toys included a tea set, crayons, three bears and plastic farm animals. The aggressive toys included a mallet and peg board, dart guns, and a 3 foot Bobo doll. The child was in the room for 20 minutes and their behavior was observed and rated though a one-way mirror. Observations were made at 5-second intervals therefore giving 240 response units for each child. Other behaviors that didn’t imitate that of the model were also recorded e.g. punching the Bobo doll on the nose. Bandura thus observed children who observed the aggressive models made far more imitative aggressive responses than those who were in the non-aggressive or control groups. There was more partial and non-imitative aggression among those children who has observed aggressive behavior, although the difference for non-imitative aggression was small. The girls

One theory that prompted research on how boys and girls differ in the expression of aggression was that boys are more aggressive than girls’ theory. Several researchers in the past suggest that boys act in aggressive way within the peer group context for physical dominance (Crick, gropeter 2012). The idea was the exploratory examination of gender differences in patterns of association between physical aggression and the social interaction revealed that the relationships were only true for boys. In other word,

Biology focuses its attention on genetically inherited forces in and attempt to explain aggressive and violent human behavior. For example, studies in the 1960s focused on XYY Chromosomes in males in comparison to the normal XXY chromosomes among male inmates. At the time, researchers found that men born with the XYY syndrome were more populous in the inmate population and were bigger and more aggressive than those with the normal XXY Chromosomes (Alder, Laufer, & Mueller, 2013, p.82). However, such finding did not take into account environmental factors associated with the XYY syndrome to be able to fully determine genetics as the culprit when some individuals were law abiding while others are violent (Alder, Laufer, & Mueller, 2013, p. 82).

Aggression was significantly and positively correlated with exposure, as found in prior research. This may indicate that exposure to violent videogames is a risk factor for aggressive behavior. However, it is also possible, given the correlational nature of this and other studies, that highly aggressive individuals actively seek out more aggressive games, or that the relationship between exposure and aggression is due to some as yet unidentified third variable. It is also of note that exposure correlated most strongly with physical aggression, and showed a nonsignificant correlation for verbal aggression. This result (based on sample of men) can perhaps best be understood with reference to prior research, in which Moller and Krahe (2009) found that males were more physically aggressive than females, whereas females were more relationally aggressive than males. Further, while exposure was significantly correlated with anger, it was not correlated with hostility. The authors of the AQ defined anger as physiological arousal and preparing oneself to act in an aggressive way, whereas hostility was defined as ill will towards another individual that is not expressed violently. This suggests that playing violent games is more strongly associated with preparing to perform violent acts than with simply having ill

There are various different factors that influence aggression in both children and adults. More so, significant research has proven that there are distinct differences between aggression shown by men and women. Aggression is behavior intended to harm another individual, and extreme cases on aggression is called violence. In 2010, 90% of murderers in the United States were male. Numerous researchers have found that the gender differences in aggression are astounding, and that males show aggression a significant amount more than females. These differences are primarily because of what we learn, and what we experience throughout the lifespan. It is true that both males and females learn aggression through learning and experience, but the way

There has been extensive amounts of research on the human processes that involve the brain. An increasing amount of studies determined differences, in regards to the brain, both structurally and chemically between the two genders. In recent years, a number of neuroimaging studies have investigated the neural bases of aggression and violent behaviors. To study the development of aggression, as well as the reasons behind it, is critical as aggressive behaviors are often associated with problematic outcomes such as delinquency, substance abuse, criminal offences and related problems of psychosocial malfunction (Barber & Weichold 2007). One of the most profound stereotypes associated with this topic states that male individuals are predominantly more aggressive than female individuals, especially in terms of physical aggression. In order to understand the differences in such behaviors, it is crucial to understand the origin of neural anatomy in aggression and violent behaviors. There has been significant progress in the understanding of the area of which men and women differ in their biopsychological processes.

Violence tends to be a simple solution that everyone comes to at some point in their life. It's a basic principle of being alive to fight but of course there’s a limit. I am going to identify at least three of the crime causation theories that may apply to this case. The first theory is biology and a brief example of a new genetic screening. The second theory is how testosterone could be a cause of this violence. The third theory is how rational choice theory could be a cause of the violence in people.

Felson’s (1982) examination of self-reports revealed some interesting and somewhat unpredicted results. In support of his hypothesis, it was found that an insult increases the odds of a verbal dispute 3.2 times when the respondent is male, and 2.2 when female. Furthermore, a highly significant three-way interaction was found involving severity of outcome, sex of respondent and sex of antagonist. This showed that hostilities are more likely to involve physical violence when males conflict with other males. The odds of a physical dispute versus a verbal dispute increases 2.1 times when both parties are male, as opposed to both female. The likelihood of physical versus verbal dispute for two males is 4.3 times more likely than for cross-sex conflicts. These significant

There are clearly no simple genetic or hormonal factors that can explain the variation in aggressive in males and females. Studies of human males suggest that there is at most a small genetic component to aggression, but a greater one for personality traits associated with such behavior. The biological mechanisms translating the message in the genes into antisocial or criminal behavior are not known. Therefore, there is clearly no simple aggressive gene effect. Many genes are likely to be involved, and each may have a weak effect on aggressive behavior. A direct genetic effect on aggression, for example, may determine how quickly an individual responds to aggravation. Aggression may also be influenced indirectly; for example, a man's size and strength may affect the way he behaves and how others react to him. (Turner, 253)

Lavinia et. al. (2010) describes a study that calculated physiology factors on a person’s predisposition to aggression in intimate relationships. The study looked at physiological reactivity, which is defined as changes to a person’s body brought about by a stimulus. The study found that individuals that are antisocial and violent are